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· 221 · Notes Introduction 1. All ages mentioned refer to the age of the person at the time of the interview , unless specified otherwise. 2. Interview with Laura Aguilar, March 10, 2007. 3. SGV brand website, http://www.sgvforlife.com. 4. Ibid. 5. Interview with Paul Chan and Eladio Wu, June 5, 2008. 6. U.S. Census 2010. 7. Zhou, Tseng, and Kim, “Rethinking Residential Assimilation,” 53–83. 8. South San Gabriel is an unincorporated community between Rosemead and Monterey Park with a relatively small population, whose history is tied to that of the larger region in several important ways. (In 2010, South San Gabriel’s population was 8,070, compared to Alhambra, 83,089; Monterey Park, 60,269; Rosemead, 53,764; and San Gabriel, 39,718 [U.S. Census 2010].) 9. Moctezuma and Davis, “Policing the Third Border.” See also Fong, The First Suburban Chinatown. 10. As of 2010, Asian Americans made up 59.5 percent of the total populations of Alhambra, Monterey Park, Rosemead, and San Gabriel, and Chinese and Taiwanese made up 67.5 percent of the Asian Americans (calculated from 2010 U.S. Census). 11. This was cumulatively 30.9 percent (calculated from 2010 U.S. Census). 12. This was approximately 236,840 (calculated from 2010 U.S. Census). 13. Saito, Race and Politics, 158–80. 14. This was cumulatively 81.7 percent in Alhambra, Monterey Park, Rosemead , and San Gabriel, ranging from 77.5 percent in Alhambra to 85.2 percent in Rosemead (calculated from 2010 U.S. Census). On the longer histories of Mexican Americans in the region, see Ochoa, Becoming Neighbors in a Mexican American Community; and Garcia, A World of Its Own. 15. Fong, The First Suburban Chinatown. 16. Garcia, A World of Its Own; Ling, “Pre-War Japanese Americans in the San Gabriel Valley”; Ling, “The Early History of Chinese Americans in the San Gabriel Valley,” 25–52. For instance, Alhambra resident David Tong’s father, a Chinese American immigrant from Hawaii, sold fruit from a cart in South Pasadena and Alhambra in the 1930s and had previously worked as a ranch hand in 222 NOTES TO INTRODUCTION Diamond Bar, at the eastern edge of the SGV, approximately twenty miles east of Alhambra (Interview with David Tong, September 28, 2007). 17. Saito, Race and Politics; Fong, The First Suburban Chinatown; Ochoa, Becoming Neighbors; Toyota, Envisioning America. 18. Gilmore, Golden Gulag, 30–86. 19. Ong, Bonacich, and Cheng, eds., The New Asian Immigration; Saito, Race and Politics. 20. Tseng, “Suburban Ethnic Economy”; Zhou, “How Do Places Matter?,” 531–53; Li et al., “Chinese-American Banking and Community Development,” 777–96; Li, “Spatial Transformation of an Urban Ethnic Community,” 74–94. Zhou has estimated that ethnic Chinese in Los Angeles have more bank branches per capita than any other group (although of course this does not guarantee use or access) (Zhou, “How Do Places Matter?”; see also Li et al., “Chinese-American Banking and Community Development”). 21. Ong, Bonacich, and Cheng, The New Asian Immigration, 3–35; LópezGarza and Diaz, eds., Asian and Latino Immigrants in a Restructuring Economy. 22. 32.2 percent of Latinas/os living in Monterey Park, San Gabriel, Alhambra, and Rosemead were foreign-born, and 12.9 percent were recent immigrants (since 2000), compared to 67.4 percent and 26.6 percent of Asians, respectively (calculated from U.S. Census, 2006–2010, American Community Survey). For Latinas/ os, these proportions stayed nearly the same as in 2000 (32.9 percent and 12.6 percent ,respectively);however,thepercentageofforeign-bornAsiansdecreased(from 73.2 percent in 2000). Thepercentageofrecentlyimmigratedforeignbornalsowent down for Asians: in 2000, 37.3 percent of foreign-born Asians had immigrated in the previous ten years (since 1990; calculated from U.S. Census 2000, Summary File 4). 23. In 2010, median household income for Asians in the core area was $51,704, compared to $50,730 for Latinas/os. The countywide median household income was $55,476 (calculated from U.S. Census 2006–2010, American Community Survey). 24. In 2010, Asians’ per capita income in the West SGV was $21,511, while Latinas/os’ per capita income was $20,002. Non-Hispanic whites’ per capita income was $40,843 (calculated from U.S. Census 2006–2010, American Community Survey). 25. In 2010, the median household income for Latinas/os in Los Angeles County was $44,989, compared with an average median household income of $50,730 for West SGV Latinas/os. West SGV Asians earned a median household income of $51...

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