Constitutional Modernism: Architecture and Civil Society in Cuba, 1933-1959

Index

Abalo, José Luis, 31, 305n14, 313n65; anticommunism of, 97–98; conflict with Montoulieu, 96, 102; La forma técnicofuncional de gobierno, 24–25, 32, 35; JNE, work of, 58, 67; JNP, work of, 65 Abreu, Pedro, 161, 162 Acropolis (Athens), 129 aesthetics: in Havana charter, 79–81; of planning, 59, 145, 311n47; of regionalism , 256–59, 261–63; urban, 79–81, 126 Albini, Franco, 263; planning of East Havana, 147 Almendares River: embankment, 147; planning for, 191 American Designers Institute (New York), 324n34 Árbol de la Fraternidad Americana (Havana), 111–12, 209 “Architect and Urban Design and Urban Development, The” (conference), 320n26 architects, Cuban: civic participation by, 237; modernist, 49–51; participation in international discourse, 48, 169–70; relationship to planning, 48, 59; role in civil society, 67; scientific objectivity of, 114; Sert and, 62, 63; social function of, 60; as technicians, 67; ties to artistic community, 285; use of local tradition, 259. See also ATEC; Colegio de Arquitectos architecture: academicism in, 256, 257; accommodation of social behavior, 152; antimodern, 256; beaux-arts, 245–46; capacities of signification, 238; and city planning, 44, 48, 123, 130; civic intention of, 129; correspondence with sculpture, 232, 238; e¤ect of Leyes de Indias on, 69–70; functionalism in, 256; illumination of, 250, 330n54; international discourse of, 48, 169– 70; Labatut’s theory of air space surrounding , 246–47, 249–50, 252; Latin American, 278–79; Martí’s vision for, 227; mediating role of, 90; monumentality of, 256; Nazi, 258–59; neoclassical , 268; part and whole in, 89; political capacities of, 2, 238, 255, 274–75; the real in, 293; referentiality in, 280; regionalist, 256–59, 261–63; Renaissance treatises on, 70; representational capacities of, 215, 256–57, 327n27; shell concrete constructions in, 278–79, 280; and social formations, 124; the theoretical in, 293; of totalitarianism , 256; transformative capacity of, 275; and urbanism, 51 Index 351 architecture, Cuban: baroque, 1, 179; in city planning, 44; colonial, 1, 21, 179–80, 269; and Constitution of 1940, 22, 34, 72; and construction of history, 14–17; as cultural practice, 15, 170; domestic and public, 4; e¤ect of climate on, 154, 170, 172, 202; following Cuban Revolution, 293–94, 299; functionalism in, 256; imitative practices in, 262, 268; liberty in, 226; mimesis in, 256, 279–80; neoclassical, 1; performance of, 6; permanence of, 252; plastic expression in, 278–79, 280; political dimensions of, 2, 238, 255; progressive development of, 1; regionalist, 259, 261, 262–63, 269; relationship with law, 5, 13–14, 70, 108, 170; representation of civic sphere, 263–64, 266–75, 287; role in civil society, 2, 4, 67, 80, 176, 209, 213, 238, 297–98; role in constitutionalism , 5–6, 17; role in historical change, 238; role in reform, 13–14; sociopolitical context of, 2; typicalities of, 176 architecture, modern, 1, 2, 256; consequences of, 15; cubanidad in, 283; discursive exchanges of, 17; of Havana, 4–5, 303n1; in health of cities, 13; proponents of, 49–51; royal palm in, 283, 284. See also Palacio de las Palmas Arquitectura (journal), 1, 3; colonial architecture in, 179–80; El Reparto Santa Clara in, 174 Arroyo, Nicolás, 13, 254; ambassadorship to United States, 97; ATEC Exhibition on Trinidad, 259, 260, 261; and Batista, 64, 96, 105, 254, 312n57, 330n3; Cambridge visit of, 321n1; CIAM activities of, 49, 315n25; Ciudad Deportiva design, 299; collaborations with Town Planning Associates, 63–64; conflict with Montoulieu, 96; exile of, 298; Habana Vieja planning work, 191, 192–93, 198–99; National Theater design, 245; presidency of JNP, 65, 105, 131; and Quinta Palatino project, 161; and Wiener, 96; work with Plan Piloto de la Habana, 152 Arroyo de Hernández, Ana, 39; advocacy of preservation, 181 Asociación de Buen Gobierno (Cuba), 9 ATEC (Agrupación Tectónica de Expresi ón Contemporánea), 49, 50, 169, 323n17; oªces of, 185; Trinidad exhibition, 259, 260, 261 Athens Charter, 73–79; constitutional nature of, 74; four functions of, 73, 74, 75, 81, 82, 84, 86, 89, 141; functionalism of, 73, 74, 316n34; on housing, 74; influence in Cuba, 75; influence in planning, 314n17; insuªciencies of, 84; in Latin America, 82; Las Leyes de Indias and, 82–83; Le Corbusier and, 314n17; Mumford on, 315n25; normative intentions of, 78; organizational principles of, 74–75; political charge of, 76; Sert and, 73, 314n17; Sert’s diagram of, 86, 89; supplements to, 84; urban historical elements in, 74, 81; urbanism in, 73; Wiener and, 82...