Free Time: The Forgotten American Dream

Index

Abundance, 47, 72, 92, 204n13; economists’ definition of, 72, 111–112; economy of, versus economy of scarcity, 124; Full-Time, Full Employment as opposed to, 120; and the Great Depression, 115–118; historians’ definition of, 112; John Maynard Keynes on, vii, 1, 175; and the limits of economic growth, 179; as no longer a possibility, 166; as the satisfaction of material needs, x, 1, 5, 15; Walt Whitman on, 51–52. See also Scarcity Adams, Henry, 4 Adams, James Truslow, x–xi, 14, 188, 192n18 Adams, John, 4, 11 Addams, Jane, 97 Adler, Mortimer, 137, 139–147; and The New Capitalists, 146; on the threat of unreasonable wealth, 146 Adult Education Association, 139 African Americans: and Central Park, 79; importance of nature and public recreation for, 78; and the UAW, 152 American dream, 11–12, 183, 189–190; as alternative to unsustainable economic growth, 178–182; Arthur Gleason and, 88; “Bread and Roses” strike and, 83; Central Park as democratic ideal of, 79; as eclipsed by Full-Time, Full Employment, 139, 182; Elizabeth Hasanovitz and, 80; Fannia Cohn and, 84; Frank Lloyd Wright and, 97–102; Higher Progress and, 18; Ira Steward and, 94; and the kingdom of God, 13–14; labor ’s turn from, 161–162; labor’s vision of, 40–44, 159; Lowell workers and, 38; versus the masculine mystique, 172; and the need to re-present, 189; Robert Hutchins and, 124–125, 127, 133, 139–140, 147, 215n14; versus Roosevelt’s Full-Time, Full Employment, 119–121; Suzanne Gordon on women’s transformative vision of, 170; as term coined by James Truslow Adams, x–xi; Thoreau on, 1; “Usonian Vision” as, 105; Walt Whitman and, 64–65; William Green on, 110; workers’ continuing support of, into the 1990s, 174; workers’ education and, 90 American Federationist and turn from shorter hours to Full-Time, Full Employment, 154 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 11, 82– 83, 88, 91, 111–112, 116–117, 119, 148–150, 153–154, 156–158; and calls for thirty-hour legislation in 1944, 148; and thirty-hour Black-Connery bill, 117; and work sharing, 116 American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO): and calls for seven-hour day, 149–150; Industrial Union Department of, 157; and 1956 Conference on Shorter Hours, 156–160 Anderson, David, 50 Appalachian Trail, 182 Architecture, organic, 100–103 Arendt, Hannah, 109, 162, 173 Aristotle, 3, 13, 100, 145–146; Aristotelian virtue and the new leisure, 128, 137, 140, 147 Arts and Crafts movement, 95 Index 228 InDEx Arvold, Alfred, 108 Astor, Vincent, 117 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 74–75 Barbash, Jack, 157 Bastard workshop, 28–29, 96 Beard, Charles and Mary, 91 Beecher, Henry Ward, 8, 68; on the crisis of the work ethic, 95, 203n77; on the promise of leisure, 69 Bell, Daniel, 163 Bell Canada, 187 Benevolence, disinterested, 3, 6, 18–19, 25, 44–45; cult of, 47 Benton, Thomas Hart, 10 Benton, William Burnett, 141 Berle, Adolf, 143–145 Biemiller, Andrew, 158 Black, Hugo, 117 Black-Connery bill, 117–121, 186; passage of, by the Senate, 118; Roosevelt’s and Perkins’s initial support of, 117; Roosevelt’s opposition to, as defining the early new Deal, 118, 120 Blackmar, Elizabeth, 78–81 BMW, 187 Body, the human: as enjoyed in leisure in and for itself, 22; metaphorical resurrection of, 176; transformation of, in freedom, 22 Bonum formosum, 17–18 Boredom, 109, 136, 140, 150, 172 Bourgeoisie, exclusive claims to culture of, 24. See also Democratic culture of participation “Bread and Roses” worker slogan, 11, 82–83, 165, 189 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 50, 60 Brooks, George, 156–157, 165, 169 Brookwood Resident Workers’ College, 90 Brown, norman O., 9, 22, 175–176 Brozen, Yale, 143 Bryn Mawr, worker education programs at, 82 Burritt, Elihu, 33, 40, 197n31 Bush, George W., 186–187 Bushnell, Albert, 95 Capitalism: “goulash,” 161; as a preparatory stage of human development, 45–46; versus republican virtue, 44; as teaching new morality of selfishness, 44. See also Selfish system Carson, Rachel, 179 Carver, Thomas nixon, and the threat of leisure to the economy, 114 Cary, James, 159 Central Park (new York City), 8, 67, 78–81 Channing, William Ellery, 18–25, 52, 137, 195; critics of, 23–25; and defense of Higher Progress, 24; on equality versus liberty, 23; on the importance of dancing, 22; on the kingdom of God, 20; and list of free activities , 21–22; and “On the Elevation of the Working Classes,” 19; on self-culture, 23; on slavery versus...