207 Aarim-Heriot, Najia, 149 adultery, 10, 17, 30, 146–147 African Americans: Afrocentricity, 69, 172n33, 175n80; female discourse of respectable domesticity, 52, 59, 60; female labor and, 7, 13, 62–64; male discourse of citizenship rights and, 52, 59, 67; marriage and, 13, 17, 64–68; soldiers, 51–52, 55; U.S. imperialism and, 51–52, 65, 67, 72. See also Colored American Magazine; Orientalism age-of-consent campaigns, 14, 17, 18, 30, 39, 50; class conflicts in, 28–29; competing interests in, 29–30; middle-class daughters and, 29, 35; motherhood and, 46–47; nonwhite women and, 14, 17, 30; working-young women’s sexuality and, 14, 17 Allen, Young John, 141, 142, 145 Ament, William, Rev., 134 American Board of Commissions of Foreign Missions, 134 American Countess (in Henry James’s What Maisie Knew), 18, 19, 29, 32, 38–50 American love marriage, 65, 113 antimiscegenation law, 3, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18, 157n24, 177n15, 184n17; benevolent assimilation and, 54, 72, 170n11; in California, 12, 37, 105; Chinese and, 37, 137, 105, 122; in Colored American Magazine, 57; emancipation and, 14, 18; Filipinos and, 37 arranged marriage, 65, 71, 90, 103, 113, 138 Bacon, Josephine Dodge (Daskam), 29, 31–38 Berlant, Lauren, on female complaint, 37 bildungsroman, 22, 29, 39 Boston Herald, 58 Boxer Rebellion. 2, 22, 79, 82, 129, 133, 146, 187n12 Briggs, Laura, 14, 158n30 Brodhead, Richard, 179n32, 183n11 Brown, Wendy, 151 Buechler, Steven M., 145 Cable Act (1922), 1, 4, 10–11, 12, 14, 105, 146, 153n2, 154n5 California magazines, 21, 102, 105, 106, 107–109, 147, 183n7; audience of, 107; Land of Sunshine, 21, 80, 96, 100, 105, 107, 108, 113, 124, 179–180n32, 183n11, 185n27, 186n35; Overland Monthly, 21, 100, 105, 107, 146, 183n11, 184n14; photographs of Chinese in, 181n1; portrayal of minorities in, 108; regionalism and, 107–109, 147; short stories about Chinese women in, 109, 117, 124; transnational imagination in, 107. See also Sui Sin Far (Edith Maude Eaton) Index 208 Index capitalism: commodification of nonwhite women, 44, 64, 77, 98–99, 101, 110–112, 120, 123; commodification of white women’s labor, 6, 7, 13, 32, 62, 77, 98; domesticity and, 4, 117–124; gendered labor, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12–13; marriage and, 6–16, 64–68, 109–116; racialized labor, 3–7, 9, 11–12. See also imperialism (U.S.) Carby, Hazel, 161n55, 172n35 Chang, Sucheng, 160n46, 176–177n8 Chinatown, 18 Chinese exclusion, 2, 6, 11, 12, 17, 14, 37, 50, 52, 80; in Colored American Magazine, 57–58; journalistic representation of, 87–96; literary responses to, 96–102, 109–125; missionary women and, 93–96; Pauline E. Hopkins and, 72; popular representation of, 77–79, 83–87, 103–105; white women and, 83–87, 90–95 citizenship: abstract, 21, 65; in African American racial uplift, 52, 53, 59, 60–62, 65–67; capitalism and, 15, 173n42; in cultural representation, 23, 40, 45, 50, 53, 60–62, 65–67, 109, 183n7; dimensions of, 155n10, 184n18; exclusion and, 1, 14, 88, 98, 109, 153n2, 174n52, 178n21, 182n4; heterosexuality as criterion of, 1, 8, 15; immigration law and, 154n6; minority-minority relations and, 52, 54, 58; national values and, 156n17; respectable marriage as criterion of, 3, 8, 9, 17, 82, 177n17, 186n35; in short stories about Chinese immigrant women, 109, 111–114, 122–124, 136; unequal access through marriage and, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 153n1, 153–154n3, 154n5, 155n7, 160n47. See also Cable Act; Chinese exclusion; Expatriation Act Civil War (U.S.), 6, 8; in anti-Chinese rhetoric, 87–88; antimiscegenation legislation and, 14, 18; marriage and, 8, 103; western expansion and, 156n16; women’s movement and, 127, 145, 167n60 Colored American Magazine: antiEuropean immigration in, 57–58; Asian immigration in, 57–58; audience of, 56; editorship, 56, 57, 67; ethnocentrism, 57; Filipinos in, 51; westward expansion in, 56–57. See also Orientalism; W. H. Jackson Cominos, Peter T., 47 comparative racialization, 5 Comstock Act (1873), 9 Contending Forces (Pauline E. Hopkins), 19, 53, 54, 56, 59–68. See also Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins Cott, Nancy, 8, 103, 154n6, 156n17, 158n26, 160n49 Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885), 27, 28 cultural nationalism: Asian American Studies scholarship and, 99, 169n5; in black racial uplift, 19, 20, 23, 54–59, 66, 71–72, 170n10 Dark Races of the Twentieth Century, 68–73 denationalization: African Americans, 58–59; U.S. citizen women and, 2, 11, 513n2. See also Cable Act; Expatriation Act deviance: 10; relevance to race in literature, 41–42, 47–49...