John F. Kennedy, Barack Obama, and the Politics of Ethnic Incorporation and Avoidance

Contents

Contents Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 Understanding Ethnicity and Ethnic Incorporation in the United States 5 2 The Subordination of Irish Catholics and African Americans 13 3 Identity, Consciousness, Solidarity, and Culture: Irish Catholics and African Americans 25 4 Boston, Chicago, and the Rise of Kennedy and Obama 33 5 Ethnic Men: The Al Smith and Jesse Jackson Campaigns 59 6 The Incorporation of the Catholic Irish and the Semi-Incorporation of African Americans 77 7 Kennedy and Obama: Charisma, Character, and Ethnic Identity 103 8 Religion and the Election of 1960 119 9 Race and the Election of 2008 139 viii Contents 10 The Politics of Ethnic Avoidance in the Kennedy and Obama Administrations 165 11 Conclusion 185 Notes 191 About the Author 243 Index 245 ...