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ix I L L U S T R A T I O N S 3.1 Comparison between drawings of visual hallucinations and mathematical models 114 3.2 The receptive profile of a simple orientation cell of V1. 1: schematized structure. 2 and 3: mathematical model. 4: empirical recording 118 3.3 The functional architecture of the area V1 of a cat 121 3.4 Left: The association field of Field, Hayes and Hess experiments. Right: Curved Kanizsa illusory contours 123 3.5 Some examples of eigenmodes in V 125 3.6 The retinotopic conformal map, mapping the retina on V1 126 3.7 Lines in V1 correspond to spiral on the retina 126 3.8 Klüver’s planforms are isomorphic to eigenmodes of the bifurcated solutions of the neural network in the synaptic weights of which the functional architecture of V1 has been encoded 127 3.9 Other examples of eigenmodes 127 3.10 Other examples of eigenmodes 128 3.11 The result of the tournament between 12 strategies, each represented by 100 agents 147 x 3.12 Nowak and May’s example of Tit for Tat strategy, displayed spatially 152 3.13 The temporal evolution of the subpopulations (c, c) and (d, d) of figure 3.12 153 3.14 For b = 2.1 and a 50%–50% InitConfig, defection d dominates immediately and totally 153 3.15 The temporal evolution of the subpopulations (c, c) and (d, d) of figure 3.14 154 3.16 For b = 1.85 in the critical interval and a 50%–50% InitConfig, the behavior (d, d) begins to dominate; next (c, c) begins to reconquer ground by expanding from nuclei that resisted the initial extermination, but multi-scale nested clusters of c and d appear and expand in a fractal structure 155 3.17 The temporal evolution of the subpopulations (c, c) and (d, d) of figure 3.16 155 3.18 Evolution of the system for b = 1.85 (inside the critical interval) and an InitConfig reduced to a single (d, d) in a purely (c, c) population 156 ...

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