Conscience at War: The Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic

INDEX

INDEX A Abandonment, vulnerability to, 27 Action: alternative, 186; altruistic, 59, 69; choices in, 67; collective, 59, 67; conscientious, 22; consequences of, 186; conservative, 39; conventional modes of, 47; of the critic, 198; and disobedience , 39-40; guidance of, 38; immoral, 94; influences on, 68; judgment of, 24, 38; justification for, 41, 43, 207; as language of commitment, 20; moral, 22, 30, 36,38,40,41,47,49,51,55,6061 , 68, 198tab; motivation behind, 177; nonintervention, 58, 61, 68, 71; of objection, 29; performance of, 40; on principles , 55; and reasoning, 39; routinization of, 56; solitary, 48 Actual Moral Reasoning, 30, 41, 4244tab Alienation, 95, 108; commander/ refuser, 97; moral, 199; protesting , 116-121 Almagor, Dan, 162 Aloni, Shulamit, 80 liThe Altona Verdict" (Sartre), 212 AMR. See Actual Moral Reasonings Ansar prison camp, 121, 155-157, 212 Anti-zionism, 74, 81, 123 Arabs living in Israel, 7 Arendt, Hannah, 152 Arens, Moshe, 107 Association for Civil Rights, 64 Authority: and agentic state of mind, 55; challenging, 58; distance from, 58, 69; obedience to, 55; resistance to, 70 B Barak, General, 219 Beer, Chaim, 161 Begin, Menachem, 160, 223 Behavior: altruistic, 70; carefocused , 27 Ben Gal, Yanush, 81, 215 Ben Moshe, Bernard, 63-64, 68, 69, 206tab Ben Yair, Michael, 218 Bernhardt, Michael, 18, 56-61, 68 Bernstein, Uri, 145 Bialik, 160, 162 Border Guard Policemen, 35 Boycotts, 127 C Calley, William, 57, 58, 59, 61, 68 Change: enforcement of, 49; moral, 24, 94; and protest, 170; social, 24,27 Citizenship, obligations of, 22 Civil Defense units, 92-93 Civil Rights Movement, 126 Codes, moral, 4 Cohen, Ran, 80 Commitment: military, 36; moral, 20, 22, 36, 97; to principles, 20 Committee Against the War in Lebanon , 123 Committee for Coordination of Release from the Reserve Service, 6 Communists, 74,90, 123, 126 239 240 Conscience at War Conflict: of duties, 20; linear, 27; of loyalties, 23; moral, 27, 199; morally controversial, 29; moral solutions to, 27; negotiability of, 27; precedencein,24; resolution, 27, 113; of responsibility, 59; of rights, 24, 61; unresolvable, 199 Conscience, 74,87; as alternative to ego, 22; and compliance, 20; insincere, 181; maintaining, 24; reflective, 165 Conscientious objection, 19; connected position, 205, 206tab; in Lebanon, 29; motivation for, 169-178,205, 206tab; selective, 40; similarity to civil disobedience , 20; types, 77 Consistency, 40, 41, 44-45; moral, 47 Courts-martial, 9, 37, 64, 74,97 Credibility, 12, 70nl, 181-194,200; assessment of, 185; and punishment , 186-189 Criticism: censorship of, 215-216; connected position, 19,21-31, 197-208, 206tab; construction of, 105-134; and culture, 137165 ; and feelings of connection, 26; in form of disobedience, 36; forms of, 94, 95, WI, 105-134, 197; individual, 8-9; moral, 17, 19,20,26,27,29,51,130-131, 156; obligation of, 22; positiontaking in, 22; separate pOSition, 19-20,23-31, 197-208; social, 17; of unjust events, 22; voicing of,17-18 D Dai Lakibush, 126 Decisions: group, 67; individual, 90; influence of Holocaust on, 98; moral, 35-52, 79; real-life, 69; to refuse, 182-184 Dehumanization, 56 Demonstrations, as civilians, 38, 47, 103 Development: cognitive, 38; conventional stage, 24, 25; moral, 18,23-24,25,42-43, 199; postconventional stage, 24, 25, 46, 47; preconventional stage, 24, 25; as progressive formalization, 18; social, 199; stages of, 24-25, 68; theory, 38 Dilemmas: isolation in, 47; moral, 59, 144, 145, 148; resolution of, 47; role of self in, 28; of war, 18 Disobedience, 9; and action, 39-40; advocating, 39; and altruistic behavior, 70; civil, 19,20,23,39, 105; and community of values, 23; courage for, 48; as form of criticism, 36; individualistic nature of, SO, 96, 100, 183; to minimize one's own danger, 105; moral, 40, 87; motives for, 12, 169-178; personal, 171, 17ltab, 175-178; political, 20,170; and separate or connected positions, 36-37 Duty: to comply with laws, 20; natural , 20; to refuse, 20 E Eckhardt, William G., 70nl Ego: alternatives to, 22; resilience, 132; strength, 87 Egypt, 113, 123,212 Eichmann, Adolf, 3, 18, lSI, 152, 222 Elgazi, Gad, 74 Emergencies: Code 8, 37, 65; military service in,S; resistance during , 37 Emigration, 106, 130-131, 199,203, 204 Equality, 27 Exit, 105-106, 134, 199,204; external , 106; internal, 106, 128-130 F Fear, 182, 183 Fire (Neria), 223 G Gaon, Yehoram, 161 Gaza Strip, 83, 121, 122, 212 Geneva Convention, 161...