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Acknowledgments This book, an outgrowth of a doctoral dissertation presented at the History Department of the University of California, Los Angeles, was rewritten and revised under the auspices of the Diaspora Research Institute and the Department of History of the Jewish People, at Tel-Aviv University. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Professor Shlomo Simonsohn , the Institute's and the department's head, for his generous and unfailing assistance in all areas, including costs and co-publication with the State University of New York Press. My gratitude goes as well for Dr. Yehuda Nini of the Department of History of the Jewish People at TAU for his support . I would like to thank the State University of New York Press and its editors, Professors Paula Hyman and Deborah Dash Moore, as well as Nancy Sharlet, the production editor, for publishing the work as part of the SUNY Press Modern Jewish History Series. I thank Professors Nikki R. Keddie, Malcolm H. Kerr, and Amos Funkenstein of the University of California, Los Angeles, for their assistance during the preparation of the doctoral thesis. Numerous other people played direct and indirect roles in this project. In the United States, the advice given to me by Professor Norman A. Stillman of the State University of New York at Binghamton was quire useful at different stages of the research. In France, my gratitude goes to Alliance Israelite Universelle president Jules Braunschvig, the organization's former secretary-general, the late Eugene Weill, and the organization's chief of services , Leon Benaroya. Yvonne Levyne, head librarian, and Georges Weill, chief archivist at the AIU library and archives gave invaluable help. The , staff at the Quai d'Orsay archives and at the Centre des Hautes Etudes sur ['Afrique et l'Asie Moderne were also very helpful, as was the staff at the Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques. Several people, especially Professor Hai'm Zafrani of the University of Paris VIII, provided data based on firsthand experiences in Morocco. Finally, the staff at the Bibliotheque Nationale supplied primary and secondary sources regarding French and Spanish Morocco. xv xvi Acknowledgments In Israel, I am grateful for the advice, comments, interviews, and other assistance offered by Dr. Michael Abitbol, Dr. Issachar Ben-Ami, Dr. Shalom Bar-Asher (the latter encouraged me to undertake this study in the first place), Robert Attal-all from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. I thank as well Dr. Andre Chouraqui, Mordechai Soussan, Hanania Dahan, Rabbis Ishaq Rouche, David Ovadia, and Albert Hazan; Meir Knafo, Professor Simon Schwarzfuchs of Bar-Han University, and Elie Elmaleh, the former AIU delegate in Israel. More recently, the staff at the Jerusalembased Zionist Archives and at the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee facilitated my research. Last, but certainly not least, I am indebted to the AIU (Ittil}iid) delegate in Morocco, Elias Harrus, for vital data on the schools. Without his help, many gaps would have remained. The literature on ORT, furnished by David Alberstein, ORT's chief of operations in Switzerland, enabled me to analyze the contributions made by the ORT-AIU towards the promotion of vocational training. Whatever merit there is in this work, it must be shared by all those who made its completion possible. For the errors, failings, and opinions expressed, I alone am responsible. MICHAEL M. LASKIER Tel-Aviv University ...

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