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231 NOTES Chapter 1. History and Demography 1. See Bernard Straus, “Problems and Progress in Geriatrics,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 16 (1968): 257–66. 2. William J. Rolfe, ed., Shakespeare’s Sonnets (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1884), 83. 3. Prov. 17:22; Job 21:24; Eccles. 11:5. 4. Plato, Timaeus, ed. and trans. John Warrington (London: J. M. Dent, 1965), 105. 5. My discussion of historical concepts of bone formation is drawn from Donald H. Enlow, Principles of Bone Remodeling (Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1963), 3–22; and Henry M. Frost, “Osteoporosis: Quo Vadis?,” Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 12 (1981): 683–91. 6. D. Schapira and C. Schapira, “Osteoporosis: The Evolution of a Scientific Term,” Osteoporosis International, 2 (1992): 164–67. 7. Astley Cooper, A Treatise on Dislocations and Fractures of Joints, 2nd American ed. (from the 6th London ed.) (Boston: Lilly & Wait, 1832; original ed. 1822), 129. 8. Dr. Bennett, “Senile Osteoporosis,” Dublin Journal of Medical Science, 3rd ser., 66 (1878): 272–74. 9. Dr. Wilks, “Case of Osteoporosis, or Spongy Hypertrophy of the Bones,” Transactions of the Pathological Society of London, 20 (1869): 273–77. 10. René Fontaine and Louis G. Hermann, “Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis,” Annals of Surgery, 97 (1933): 26–61. Gustav Pommer made this distinction in his Untersuchengen über Osteomalacie und Rachitis (Leipzig, Germany: Vogel, 1885). 11. David H. Fischer, Growing Old in America, expanded ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 28, 272. 12. Ibid., 29–53; Carole Haber, Beyond Sixty-Five: The Dilemma of Old Age in America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 15–18. See also Philip Greven, Four Generations: Population, Land, and Family in Colonial Andover, Massachusetts (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970). 13. Jefferson to Adams, 1 August 1816, 7 October 1818, 15 August 1820, 12 October 1823, and Adams to Jefferson, 11 June 1822, 14 January 1826, in The AdamsJefferson Letters, ed. Lester J. Cappon, 2 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), vol. 2: 483–84, 528, 565, 579, 599, 613. 14. Haber, Beyond Sixty-Five, 28–34. 232 Notes to Pages 10–17 15. Stephen Katz, Disciplining Old Age: The Formation of Gerontological Knowledge (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 41. 16. See Theodore M. Porter, The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 (Princeton , NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986). 17. Benjamin Gompertz, “On the Nature of the Function Expressive of the Law of Human Mortality, and on a New Mode of Determining the Value of Life Contingencies,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 115 (1825): 513–83. For a discussion, see S. Jay Olshansky and Bruce A. Carnes, “Ever since Gompertz,” Demography, 34 (1997): 1–15. 18. Adolphe Quetelet, Research on the Propensity for Crime at Different Ages, trans. Sawyer F. Sylvester (Cincinnati: Anderson, 1984), 54–55. 19. Adolphe Quetelet, A Treatise on Man and the Development of his Faculties, trans. under the supervision of R. Knox (Edinburgh: William and Robert Chambers , 1842), 5, 75. 20. Haber, Beyond Sixty-Five, 45–63. 21. J. S. Nowlin, “The Climacteric: Its Phenomena and Dangers,” Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 77 (1895): 7–13; George L. Sinclair, “Climacteric Insanity,” International Clinics, 3rd ser., 4 (1894): 147–52; and George H. Rohé, “The Mental Disturbances of the Climacteric Period,” Maryland Medical Journal, 34 (1895): 258–61. 22. George H. Candler, “The Recognition and Treatment of ‘Climacteric Disorder ’ in the Male,” American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 26 (1919): 694–700; and John S. Turner, “The Male Climacteric,” Texas State Medical Journal, 12 (1916), 251–54. 23. Ignatz L. Nascher, “The Senile Climacteric,” New York Medical Journal, 94 (1911): 1125–26; “The Male Climacteric,” American Medicine, 27 (1942): 242–47; and “Geriatrics,” New York Medical Journal, 90 (1909): 358–59. 24. Andrew Achenbaum, Old Age in the New Land: The American Experience since 1790 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), 44–45. 25. Carl Snyder, “The Quest of Prolonged Youth,” Living Age, 251 (1906): 323–37. 26. Fischer, Growing Old, 113–56. 27. Ibid., 113. 28. George M. Beard, Legal Responsibility in Old Age, Based on Researches into the Relation of Age to Work (New York: Russells’, 1874), 7–12; and Beard, American Nervousness: Its Causes and Consequences (New York: G. P. Putnam’s, 1881), 249–52. 29. William Osler, “The Fixed Period,” Aequanimitas (Philadelphia, P. Blakiston ’s Son, 1906), reprinted in The “Fixed Period” Controversy, ed. Gerald J. Gruman (New York: Arno Press, 1970), 381–83. See esp. the discussion in Thomas...

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