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Index
Addison, Joseph: Cato, 66
Spectator essays, 5–6, 18, 89, 123–124, 140
“Advertisement” (BF’s 1755 appeal for wagons), 119–120, 174–176, 206n.12
Albany Plan of Union (1754 colonial conference), 6, 157, 169, 182, 191
Allen, William, 103
American Philosophical Society, 101
American Revolution, 3, 9, 164, 166, 168, 176, 188
memoir’s allusions to, 6, 105, 108, 151
“Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion” (BF’s personal liturgy), 61, 138–139
Articles of Confederation, 105
“Art of Virtue” (BF’s unfinished ethics handbook), 7, 22, 87, 97
association: memoir’s treatment of, 10, 47, 85, 87, 99, 190
Tocqueville’s emphasis on, 10, 195n.8
Baird, Patrick, 95
Banbury, Oxfordshire, Josiah Franklin’s ties to, 53, 121
Barclay, David, 108–111, 113, 115, 117, 120
Beatty, Charles (BF’s militia chaplain), 164–165, 179
Bethlehem (Moravian settlement), 179
Bigelow, John (1868 editor of BF’s memoir), 1–2
Bond, Thomas, 151–152, 154, 182. See also Pennsylvania hospital project
Boston Massacre, 25
Boston Tea Party (1773), 106, 119, 176
Braddock, Edward, 1755 expedition of, 164, 167–168, 172–180, 182, 186–187
BF’s advice rejected by, 183–184, 189–190
Bradford, Andrew (Philadelphia printer), 33, 88, 154
Bradford, William (New York printer), 33, 138
Breughel, Pieter, the Elder, “Big Fish Eat Little Fish” drawing, 30–32, 197n.12
Brockden, Charles, 76, 93–94, 98
Browne, John (innkeeper), 15–18, 40
Brownell, George, 41
Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, 190
Bunyan, John, 15, 28, 62, 90, 125, 167
portrait etching of, 20–21
preaching career of, 53–55. See also Pilgrim’s Progress
Burnet, William (colonial governor of New York), 18
“Busy-Body” letters, 88
Camden, Charles Pratt, First Earl of, 112
Carlisle Treaty meeting (1753), 6, 169–172, 178, 181–182
Clinton, George (colonial governor of New York), 103, 170, 177
Cocker, Edward (“Book of Arithmetic”), 125
Coercive Acts (1774), 109, 119
Coleman, William, 84–85, 95–96
Collins, John (BF’s childhood friend), 5, 35, 45, 82–83, 124
and BF in Philadelphia, 17, 150–151
BF’s quarrels with, 32–33, 47–49, 51, 127, 169
BF’s written debates with, 27, 124, 155
Collinson, Peter, 188–189
Constitutional Convention (1787), 7, 105, 159–160, 173
Copley Medal (1753), 190–191
counterpoise and counterweight: narrative tactic of, 34, 52, 85, 94–95
principle and inclination as instances of, 35–36, 40, 51, 83
scales as a figure of, 40, 52–53, 55, 58, 70–71, 99, 201n.8. See also equilibrium
currency, BF’s printing of, 130–135
Dartmouth, William Legge, Second Earl of, 114, 117–118
Decow, Isaac, 133
Deism, BF’s interest in, 39, 187
Denham, Thomas, 75, 86–87, 117
Denny, William (provincial governor of Pennsylvania), 170, 177
Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (BF’s 1725 pamphlet), 17, 39, 127, 137
Dogood letters, 4–5, 203n.7 Don Quixote, 158
Dryden, John, 40
Dunkers (Pietist sect), 102–103
Ecton, Northamptonshire, BF’s 1758 journey to, 13, 53, 121–122
“Edict by the King of Prussia” (1773), 119
emblems: BF’s employment of, 14, 24, 28–29, 50, 162
counterpoise as instance of, 52
in Pilgrim’s Progress, 56–57, 60, 65, 68, 163
segmented serpent as instance of, 11, 85, 87, 104, 179, 190
speckled ax anecdote as instance of, 57. See also similitude English Revolution, 16
equilibrium, BF’s figurative use of, 96, 99, 104, 199n.5, 204n.11. See also counterpoise and counterweight
errata, BF’s tabulating of. See excuses
Essay on Criticism. See Pope, Alexander
excuses, BF’s narrative employment of, 150–153, 161, 170–171
exempla in Pilgrim’s Progress, 56
Experiments and Observations on Electricity, 189–190
Farrand, Max (Benjamin Franklin’s Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition), 6
Father Abraham (“The Way to Wealth”), 100, 104, 173, 195n.3
Federal Convention. See Constitutional Convention
First Continental Congress, 106
Folger, Peter (BF’s grandfather), 17, 51
Fort Duquesne (1755 campaign), 164, 172, 183–184. See also Braddock, Edward
Fothergill, John, 162–163, 186–187, 189
BF’s 1774–75 meetings with, 108–111, 113, 115, 117, 120
Franklin, Abiah Folger (BF’s mother), 44–46, 52
Franklin, Benjamin (BF’s uncle), 16–17, 29–30, 44, 74, 121
birthday poems by, 26–27, 39, 119
sermon and pamphlet collections of, 54, 196n.5
Franklin, Deborah Read (BF’s wife), 16, 42, 86, 105–106
BF’s courtship of, 36–38, 52, 76, 199n.4
Franklin, Francis Folger (BF’s son), 5, 51, 104–105
Franklin, James (BF’s brother), 45–47, 55, 86, 124, 132, 150
Franklin, John (BF’s uncle), 53
Franklin, Josiah (BF’s father), 40–46, 52, 55, 122–125, 151, 184
advice of, to BF on writing, 77, 127, 136
BF’s apprenticeship arranged by, 45–46, 153–154, 186
BF’s epitaph for, 44
dinner table practice of, 40, 43
religious nonconformity of, 29, 53
Franklin, Samuel (BF’s cousin), 44
Franklin, Sarah (BF’s daughter), 5
Franklin, Thomas (BF’s uncle), 121
Franklin, William (BF’s son), 5, 9, 29, 35, 108, 138, 176
BF’s ideological differences with, 25, 106, 122
BF’s 1758 journey with, 13–14, 41–42
memoir addressed to, 2–3, 15–16, 121, 129
Franklin, William Temple (BF’s grandson), 8, 10, 194n.7
Gage, General Thomas, 111
Georgia, orphanage proposal for, 145–146
snake cartoon as accommodation for, 184–185
Gnadenhütten (Moravian settlement), 177, 179–180, 184
Godfrey, Mrs. Thomas, 154–155, 168
Granville, John Carteret, First Earl of, 185–186, 190
Great Awakening, 60
Hamilton, James (provincial governor of Pennsylvania), 157–159
Hemphill, Samuel, 104, 139–143, 148
Hesiod, 30
“Hints for Conversation” (BF’s 1774 negotiation memorandum), 109–111, 113, 120
Hopkinson, Thomas, 145–146
House of Commons: BF’s 1766 appearance before, 25, 196n.9
BF’s critique of, 113, 115. See also Parliament
House of Lords, 108, 112–115, 191. See also Parliament
Howe, Caroline, 108–109, 113, 117
Howe, Richard, 108–109, 113, 117, 120, 191
Hyde, Thomas Villiers, Baron, 117, 120
Iroquois, 1754 Albany Conference with, 157
James, Abel, 6–8, 10, 23, 101–102
1782 letter of, 2–4, 7, 87–91, 193n.2
Jefferson, Thomas, 8–9
“Join, or Die.” See snake cartoon
“Journal of a Voyage” (1726), 129
Junto (BF’s self-improvement association), 63, 94–97, 101, 109, 113, 167
currency discussions in, 134–135, 137
informal library of, 92–94
original members of, 82–85
Keimer, Samuel, 33, 36, 82, 138, 155
BF’s quarrels with, 87, 130–133
character attributes of, 40, 52, 76
Pennsylvania Gazette established by, 84, 88
religious principles of, 34–35, 99
Keith, William (provincial governor of Pennsylvania), 5, 21–22, 35–37, 76, 86–87
financial promises of, 32–33, 46, 55
Kinnersley, Ebenezer, 189
Lady’s Magazine, or Entertaining Companion of the Fair Sex (1793), 1
Lawrence, Thomas, 103
Lexington and Concord, battles of (1775), 106
Library Company of Philadelphia, 48, 92–94, 96–99, 104, 137, 188
Locke, John, BF’s reading of, 125
Logic, or The Art of Thinking (translation of
Logique, ou Lart de Penser, Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole), 125
Lydgate, John, 30
Lyons, William (London surgeon and author), 127–128
Macclesfield, George Parker, Second Earl of, 191
Madison, James, 159–160
Mansfield, William Murray, Baron, 187–188
Massachusetts Assembly, 103
James Franklin’s clashes with, 126, 150
Mather, Cotton (Essays to Do Good), 123
Maugridge, William, 84
memoir (BF’s narrative): compositional history of, 2–6, 13–15, 71–72, 85, 105, 207n.4
critique of reason in, 30–37, 187
depictions of reading in, 15–18, 24, 27–30, 196n.7, 197n.11
disruption and fragmentation as elements of, 4–6, 14, 85, 97–100, 194n.7, 200n.1
editorial divisions of, 9–11
ethical self-discipline in, 55–71
historical context of Passy fragment (1784), 2–3, 88–90, 105
historical context of Philadelphia fragment (1788–1790), 6–9, 105, 157, 159–161, 164, 171
historical context of Twyford fragment (1771), 2, 13–14, 25, 27, 79–80, 135
historical context of voyage letter fragment (1775), 9, 48–51, 106, 119
manuscript appearance of, 32, 51–52
“Notes of my Life” (BF’s “Outline”) as part of, 3–6, 9, 91, 105, 193n.2, 197n13
Pilgrim’s Progress as influence on, 18–26, 30, 54–57, 59–60, 71, 74, 195n.3, 206n.14
publication history of, 1–4, 193n.1
religious elements in, 37–40, 43–44, 66–67, 198n.15, 200n.12
restraints on speech in, 165–167
role of feeling in, 43, 46, 81, 104–105, 114–117, 194n.5, 195n.6, 206n.14
voyage letter (BF to William Franklin, March 22, 1775) as part of, 8–9, 48–51, 105–120, 198n.1
Vaughan letter’s formative role in, 88–92
Meredith, Hugh, 82–83, 94–96, 169
militia association of Pennsylvania, BF’s founding of, 101–103, 156
Moll Flanders, BF’s interest in, 17
Moravians, BF’s 1755 contacts with, 179–180
Morris, Gouverneur, 157, 159–160
Morris, Robert Hunter (provincial governor of Pennsylvania), 157–161, 164, 169
Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency (BF’s 1728 pamphlet), 133–134, 173. See also currency
Navigation Acts (1774), 109, 119
New England Courant (James Franklin’s Boston paper), 5, 86, 132, 135
Newton, Isaac, 86
Nollet, Jean-Antoine, 190
Norris, Isaac, 169
North, Frederick Lord (Second Earl of Guilford), 117, 120
“Notes of my Life” (BF’s “Outline”), 3–6, 9, 85, 91, 105, 193n.2, 197n.13. See also memoir
“Observations on my Reading History in Library” (BF’s 1731 memorandum), 102, 104–105, 109, 119, 137, 160, 176
BF’s narrative uses of, 85, 97–100, 151
orality and oral performance, BF’s interest in, 80, 138, 203n.3
Osborne, Charles, 76–82, 84, 86, 138
Palmer, Samuel (London printer), 126–127, 129
Pamela (Richardson), 17
parables. See emblems
Parliament, 93, 106, 109, 117–118, 120. See also
House of Commons; House of Lords
Parsons, William, 84
Peace of Paris (1783), 89–90, 105
Penn, Richard, 186
Penn family (Pennsylvania proprietaries), 22, 158–159, 188
Pennsylvania Assembly, 22, 135, 169, 172, 176, 187
BF as London agent of, 182
BF as spokesman for, 157–160
hospital bill of 1751 in, 152–153
Pennsylvania fireplace, 100
BF’s pamphlet on, 156–157
Pennsylvania Gazette, 84, 100–101, 104–105, 135–137, 140
Pennsylvania hospital project, 151–152, 154, 173, 188
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 159
Philadelphia, University of, 100, 101, 169
Philadelphia Academy. See Philadelphia, University of
Philadelphia city watch, BF’s reform of, 100–101
Philadelphia Convention. See Constitutional Convention
Philippians 4:8, BF’s interest in, 61, 66, 138–139
Pilgrim’s Progress, 24–26, 53–57, 68, 71, 77, 98
Bunyan’s verse “Apology” for, 22–23, 30
critique of legality in, 59–60, 63
Interpreter’s House in, 15, 74, 163, 195n.3
similitudes in, 18–21, 24, 50–51, 61. See also Bunyan, John
Pitt, William (Lord Chatham), 108, 111–112, 114–115, 120
Plain Truth (BF’s 1744 pamphlet), 102
Poor Richard’s Almanac, 30, 100, 104, 140
Pope, Alexander: Essay on Criticism, 30, 165–166
Dunciad, 81
Potts, Stephen, 82–83
Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, 139–140, 142. See also Hemphill, Samuel
print, durability and ephemerality of, 121, 123, 129, 136–138, 147–148, 203n.7
Privy Council, 185–187
BF’s 1774 examination by, 9, 24, 64, 106, 119, 188, 191
voyage letter’s allusions to, 50, 108, 113–114
Public Advertiser, 119
Ralph, James, 21, 76–82, 84, 86, 129
eighteenth psalm version by, 80, 89, 138, 153
Read, John (Deborah Franklin’s father), 36, 38
Read, Sarah White (BF’s mother-in-law), 36–38, 40, 52
Reeve, Henry (Tocqueville’s translator), 67
Riddlesden, William, 5
Robinson Crusoe, BF’s interest in, 17
Royal Society of London, 189–190
“Rules by Which a Great Empire May be Reduced to a Small One,” 119
Sandwich, John Montagu, Fourth Earl of, 114
Scull, Nicholas, 84
Second Continental Congress, 9, 115
segmented serpent, conceptual figure of, 4, 10, 11, 179, 182–185, 189–190, 194n.3. See also emblems
snake cartoon
Seven Years War, 108–109, 134, 157, 179–180, 183
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of, 125
Shakespeare, William, 30
Shipley, Jonathan (Bishop of St. Asaph), 50, 51
Shirley, William (colonial governor of Massachusetts), 176
similitude: BF’s use of, 22, 24–26, 33, 40, 65
Bunyan’s use of, 19, 23–24, 28, 50, 56, 195n.3
cod-eating episode as instance of, 30
joint stool anecdote as instance of, 28, 39, 43. See also emblems
slavery, memoir’s allusions to, 158–161
snake cartoon (1754), 4, 11, 96, 153, 182–184, 189.
See also segmented serpent
Society of the Free and Easy, BF’s vision of, 99–100
Spangenberg, August (Moravian leader), 180
Spencer, Archibald, 188
Stamp Act, 24
St. Clair, Sir John, 176
Taylor, Abraham, 103
Thomas, George (provincial governor of Pennsylvania), 156–157, 165
Three-fifths Compromise, 159–160
Tocqueville, Alexis de (Democracy in America), 10, 66–67
Tryon, Thomas, 125
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, 157
Union Fire Company of Philadelphia, 100, 153, 157
United Party for Virtue, BF’s 1731 vision of, 99–100, 105, 151
United States Constitution, 105, 159–160, 174
Vaughan, Benjamin, 2–3, 6–8, 10–11, 23, 101–102
1783 letter of, 87–92, 105, 113, 143, 177, 188, 193n.2
voyage letter (BF to William Franklin, March 22, 1775), 8–9, 10, 50–51, 97, 106–121, 130, 173
Walpole, Thomas, 118
Washington, George, 8, 173–174, 177
Watson, Joseph, 76–82
Watts, John (BF’s London employer), 72–73, 75
“Way to Wealth.” See Father Abraham
Webb, George, 82–84
Wedderburn, Alexander, 24
Welfare, Michael (Michael Wohlfart), 102–103, 138
Whitefield, George, 143–149, 153, 167–168, 171
Willcox, John (London bookseller), 128
Williams, Roger (The Bloudy Tenant of Persecution), 30
Wollaston, William, 126–127
writing, durability of. See print
Wycliffe, John, 30
Wygate, John (BF’s London friend), 75–76
Xenophon, 125
Young, Edward (Satires on Fame), 129
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