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Notes introduction: What’s the Harm? 1. Philip B. Linker, “Drinking and Driving Can Mix,” New York Times, June 3, 1984, LI22. 2. The modern definition of moderate drinking is one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men. See www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#moderateDrinking. 3. Linker, “Drinking and Driving,” LI22. 4. Peter F. Cohalan and Jenifer E. Johnson, “Readers Reply to ‘Drinking and Driving Can Mix,’” New York Times, June 17, 1984, LI18. 5. There are many excellent books on drunk driving, including Joseph R. Gusfield, The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981); H. Laurence Ross, Deterring the Drinking Driver: Legal Policy and Social Control (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1984); Michael D. Laurence, John R. Snortum, and Franklin E. Zimring, eds., Social Control of the Drinking Driver (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); James B. Jacobs, Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989); Gerald D. Robin, Waging the Battle against Drunk Driving: Issues, Countermeasures, and Effectiveness (New York: Praeger, 1991); H. Laurence Ross, Confronting Drunk Driving: Social Policy for Saving Lives (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). See also chapter 10 of Leonard Evans, Traffic Safety (Bloomfield Hills, MI: Science Serving Society, 2004), accessed January 5, 2009, www .scienceservingsociety.com/ts/text/ch10.htm. 6. The term freedom machine comes from Lawrence P. Lonero, “Finding the Next Cultural Safety Paradigm for Road Safety,” AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 2007, accessed March 9, 2010, www.aaafoundation.org/pdf/lonero.pdf. 7. Books on the history of alcohol and alcoholism include Dan E. Beauchamp, Beyond Alcoholism: Alcohol and Public Health Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980); Carolyn L. Wiener, The Politics of Alcoholism: Building an Arena around a Social Problem (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1981); Mark E. Lender and James K. Martin, Drinking in America: A History (New York: Free Press, 1987); Herbert Fingarette, Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988); Ron Roizen, “The American Discovery of Alcoholism, 1933–1939” (PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1991); Susanna Barrows and Robin Room, eds., Drinking : Behavior and Belief in Modern History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991); Andrew Barr, Drink: A Social History of America (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999); Griffith Edwards, Alcohol:The World’s Favorite Drug (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2000); Sarah W. Tracy, Alcoholism in America: From Reconstruction to Prohibition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005). 182 Notes to Pages 4–19 8. Jonathan Yardley, “Drunk Driving: Why We Won’t Admit the Cause of the Crime,” Washington Post, October 19, 1981, D1, D8. 9. Ralph P. Hudson to John A. Volpe, April 23, 1984, box 4, folder: Dr. Ralph Hudson , William N. Plymat Papers, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Most drunk driving offenses in the United States are characterized as either Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) or Driving Under the Influence (DUI). For the sake of convenience, this book will use DWI throughout, unless DUI is specified. 10. Robert V. Seliger and Lloyd M. Shupe, Alcohol at the Wheel: A Brief Discussion of Drinking and Driving (Columbus, OH: School and College Service, 1953). 11. Quoted in Joseph D. Whitaker, “‘A National Outrage’: Drunken Drivers Kill 26,000 Each Year,” Washington Post, March 22, 1981, A1, A6. 12. See www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8L-ZZSc8JU&feature=related, accessed March 10, 2010. See also Patricia F. Waller, “Challenges in Motor Vehicle Safety,” Annual Reviews in Public Health 23 (2002): 93–113. 13. Paul F. Gavaghan, “Remedial Approaches to Drunk Driving,” a paper presented to the Transportation Research Board, Colorado Springs, Colorado, July 29–30, 1985, box 113.2, folder: DISCUS, Robert F. Borkenstein Papers, Herman B. Wells Library, Indiana University. 14. Scharline Smith to RID, n.d., RID Papers, Schenectady, NY. Courtesy of Doris Aiken. 15. Transcript of Good Morning America, May 3, 2000. 16. Yardley, “Drunk Driving,” D8. 17. Bonnie Steinbock, “Drunk Driving,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 14 (Summer 1985): 278–95, quote on 290. chapter 1: The Discovery of Drunk Driving 1. “The Conductor Was Drunk,” NewYorkTimes, January 10, 1887, 5; “Sixteen People Killed,” Washington Post, June 5, 1887, 1. 2. “Howard’s Letter: Some Morals about Drink and Drunkards,” Boston Globe, January 16, 1887, 5. 3. Quoted in J. Marse Grant, Whiskey at the Wheel: The Scandal of Driving and Drinking (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1970), 12. 4. “Tried in Vain to Warn Her,” Los Angeles...

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