I N D E X Accelerate, acceleration, 2, 20, 62, 122, 149, 165; due to gravity, 57, 64; puck, 79, 82; skater, 2, 33, 35–38, 40, 41, 43, 98, 151–52; sled, 66, 158, 160; snowboard , 176 Aerodynamic drag, 3, 14, 20–21, 96, 149–51, 165–66; skater, 36–37, 39– 45, 51, 146, 152; skier, 102, 106–12, 146, 170, 173, 174; ski jumper, 114– 15, 121, 130–36, 138, 139, 177–78; sled, 57, 63–76, 157–60; snowboarder , 123 Aerodynamic lift, 3, 132–35 Alpine skiing, 5, 6, 95–100, 107, 109, 115–16, 121, 170 Altitude, e√ects of, 96–97, 146 American athletes, 5, 7, 43, 95, 107, 108, 109, 111, 139, 141, 143 Ammann, Simon, 128–29 Amonton, Guillaume, 16 Angle of attack, 130, 131, 134–35, 138 Angular momentum, 51, 53 Angulate, angulation, 102–3, 169–70 Aristotle, 62 Australia, 121 Austria, Austrian, 6, 7, 109 Avalanche, 26 Balance: athletes, 115, 121; energy, 165; forces, 66, 149, 162; point, 32 Banked track, 72, 75, 162 Bekele, Kenenisa, 40 Bends, 2, 5, 23, 31–33, 41–47, 63, 71– 76, 153–55, 162–64 Betz, Albert, 20 Biathlon, 7, 146 Binding. See under Skiing Bobsled, bobsleigh, 4, 5, 55–57; pusho √, 58, 68–71. See also Sled Boklöv, Jan, 132 Britain, British, 6, 56, 67, 114, 139 Camber: bend, 73; reverse, 98–99, 104; ski, 97–100, 102, 104, 167, 169 Canada, Canadian, 1, 6, 39, 55, 61, 125, 143 Carve turn, 104–6, 110, 168–70 Center: of gravity, 34, 101; of pressure, 101 Cesana track, 1, 58, 65, 67, 71, 76 Coe≈cient: of dynamic viscosity, 19; of friction (see under Friction) Cologna, Dario, 111–12 Contact friction. See Friction, sliding Coulomb, Charles-Augustan de, 16 Cresta run, 55, 56 Cross-countryskiing,5,7,24,95,97–100, 110–12, 142, 146; poling, 171–73 Curling, 2, 5, 6, 82–92; physics, 83–92 Davis, Shami, 141 Defago, Didier, 108 186 INDEX Degree of freedom, 131 Dissipation, 2, 3, 14–21, 46, 66, 71, 109– 12. See also Friction Drafting, 41, 145 Drag. See Aerodynamic drag Drag e√ect (curling), 91 Dutch, 6, 40, 82. See also Holland Duty factor, 113, 171–72 Eating disorders, 137 Edwards, Eddie (‘‘the Eagle’’), 114, 139 Energy, 14, 22, 24, 69, 146, 165–66; puck, 80–82; skater, 36–41, 44, 51, 53, 146, 153; skier, 98, 104–6, 109–12, 170–71; sled, 161, 163–64; snowboarder , 175–76 FIBT (Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Toboganning), 56, 64, 65, 71, 73 Figure skating, 5, 47–54; connecting elements , 51; jumps, 48–49, 51; maneuvers , 47–51; physics, 47–54, 155–57; spins, 49–54 Finland, Finns, 7 FIS (International Ski Federation), 119, 126, 137, 139, 140 Fluid dynamics, 20, 67, 131, 133 Force, 3, 19, 34–35, 38, 45, 63, 79–81, 92, 102, 114; centrifugal, 2, 71–75, 153, 155, 161–64; dissipative (see Aerodynamic drag; Dissipation; Friction ); gravitational, 57, 62–76, 101–2, 108, 110, 114, 137–38, 149, 155–59, 162; lift (see Aerodynamic lift); shear, 19 France, French, 4, 67, 121 Freestyle, 6, 98, 118 Friction, 14–26, 62–64, 145; coe≈cient, 16, 17, 21–26, 44, 64, 65, 85–86, 90, 105, 109–12, 122; drag (see Aerodynamic drag); ice, 21–22; lubricated, 14, 17–19; sled, 63–76; sliding, 2, 16– 17, 32–37, 41, 45, 62–68, 71–78, 98– 102, 106–9; snow, 24–26. See also Dissipation Galileo, 62 Germany, German, 5, 7, 59, 80, 95, 110 Gibson, Du√, 61 Goergl, Elisabeth, 109 Graf, Miroslaw, 132 Graupel, 12 Hail, 12 Halfpipe, 6, 72, 74–75, 114, 120–21, 162 Heating: frictional, 22, 24, 25; of snow, 26 Hedrick, Chad, 143 Hellner, Marcus, 142 Hill. See under Ski jump Hoar, depth, 14 Hockey, 5, 6, 77–82, 143, 145. See also Puck; Slap shot Holland, 33, 96. See also Dutch Hull, Bobby, 80 Ice, 4; making, 23; physics, 7–12; skates (see Skate) Ice hockey. See Hockey Inclination angle, 101–2, 104 Injuries, 56, 95, 121, 142 Italy, Italian, 1, 5, 61, 119 Japan, Japanese, 6, 67 Judges, 50, 128–30, 139 Kanounnikov, Natalia, 53 K-point, 127–29, 132, 137–38, 140, 147, 177–78 Kramer, Sven, 40, 96 Kumaritashvili, Nodar, 83 Lake Placid, 73, 76 Lee, Seung-Hoon, 96 Lift. See Aerodynamic lift Lift-to-drag ratio, 135, 136, 138–39, 177 Long track, 4, 6, 142, 154...