Rude & Barbarous Kingdom Revisited: Essays in Russian History and Culture in Honor of Robert O. Crummey

Images

Figure 1. Luknsa from Melllon), Luba Art and the Making of His ton}, Mary Nooter Roberts and Allen F. Roberts, eds., (Munich: Prestel, for the Museum for African Art, New York, 1996), catalogue number 46, p. 116. Used with permission. Various beads, nails, and cowrie shells represent a number of complex ideas, including the royal residence with its court and the residence of the first king. Also represented are proverbs about kingship, spirit capitals of several types, and various sites related to the Mbudye, an elite group ofroyal advisers. See diagram with interpretation, ibid., 140-42. Figure 2. Colored drawing of the royal palace seen from Cathedral Square taken from the manuscript book, "On the election to the most high throne of the great Russian realm of the Great Lord, Tsar and Grand Prince Michael Romanov, Autocrat of All Rus"', created 1672-1673, from Irina Aleksandrovna Rodimtseva, Nikolai Nikolaevich Rakhmanov, and Alfons Raimann, The Kremlill alld Its Treasures, (New York: Rizzoli, 1987), p. 143. Used with permission. This manuscript book is particularly valuable in that it shows in several colored drawings the royal palace as it appeared before its destruction in the eighteenth century. On the far right is the Dormition Cathedral, with the Hall of Facets projecting into the square. On the viewer's left of the Hall of Facets is the Great Beautiful Golden Stair, one of three stairs leading up to the Boyars' Porch. The Golden Hall and its vestibule is seen immediately behind the Boyars' Porch. A corner of the Annunciation Cathedral, containing the third stair to the Boyars' Porch, is visible on the right. For a reconstruction of the original plan of palace, see next figure. 1 4 III rIn( :"~ WI .. • 2 J Il 10 I. .c,, ! Figure 3. Plan of the central portion of the royal palace of the Moscow Kremlin. Reconstruction by K. K. Lopialo, from an appendix in O. I. Podobedova, Moskovskaia shkoJa zhivopisi (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1972), unnumbered page. The space below the diagram represents Cathedral Square. From there diplomats and courtiers would climb to the Beautiful Upper Porch or Boyars' Porch (11 on the plan) via the stairs next to the Annunciation Cathedral (12) the Central Golden Stair (15) or the Great Beautiful Golden Stair (16). From the Boyars' Porch, one entered the vestibule (2) and throne room (1) of the Golden Hall, or the vestibule (18) and throne room (17) of the Faceted Hall. Figure 4. Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara, Italy, designed by Biagio Rossetti for Sigismondo d'Este, brother of the Duke, built c. 1492-1495. Reproduced by permission of Art Resource, New York. ENTRANCE 1 9I[++- ' 1- • " " JIO K Jl I " ~'I ""I ~3J'-1 IIM 1/,: "' M 2·3 .., M EJ DA~O :i9-'-M ~I!.! ... r q I '""' 1.1 5& IJ4 JO ABIJAH • r M1 iMe " 101 56 -n~13El = = ~ ....-v /J7 t6 '-t~5 ~ '''''' v ." Vestibule Golden Hall Figure 5. Diagram by Michael Flier of the overall mural program in the Golden Hall. In the vestibule (on the left) are seven scenes of rulership around a type of image of the Trinity, called in Russian "Fatherhood" (Otechestvo). In the squinches surrounding the rulership proverbs are Old Testament rulers as shown. Below are cycles about Moses (M 1-10) and Joshua (J 1-10). In the throne room itself, were images of Rus' rulers (also in squinches): Boris (Bo) and Gleb (Gl) on either side of Saint Vladimir (VI). Following clockwise from Gleb are Andrei BogoJjubskii (AB), Aleksandr Nevskii (AN), and Vasilii ill (Va3). FoLlowing counterclockwise from Boris are Mikhail of Tver' (MT), and "Grand Prince Ivan Vasil'evich" (probably Ivan III) (Iv3). In the outside part of the diagram, reflecting the lower vaults and walls, are scenes devoted to Gideon (Gid 1-4), Saint Vladimir (VI 1-7), and Vladimir Monomakh (VM 1-7) as well as parables and historical scenes. Reproduced by kind permission of Michael Flier. Viflln .r.. ~'" [3 ~~~.~ ~ loshuaal Jendo O.T. lTriniry Unjust '''''' lUll Judse " J3 " n -ph J4 '6 U.k. n ~o· [D 1 ~43 1J8 0 .9 ExPUSlOfl ~ Ze....." ~G'''''DIh'''' Habillluk [V LUO 8 Matthew David & Bathsheba Fedor Ivanovich Solomon inTemple Coronation of Figure 6. Simplified diagram by author of the scheme of murals in the Hall of Facets. The north sides of the rooms are at the top of the diagram...