Maps [52.205.159.48] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 18:35 GMT) Churchill York Fort Line Map This map shows Henday’s route as traced by Richard Ruggles, the foremost historian of Hudson’s Bay Company cartography (The Historical Atlas of Canada, plate 58). Ruggles based the route on Clifford Wilson’s endorsement of Morton’s and MacGregor’s deductions. In his history and catalogue of hbc maps, Ruggles states that quite possibly Henday ‘‘was the first European to sight the Rocky Mountains front from Canadian [sic] territory’’ (A Country So Interesting, 38), yet his verbal description of the route places Henday no farther west than Olds, Alberta, a location which is at variance with the route as mapped and too far east for a glimpse of the Rockies. 211 hbca g.2/5 James Isham, ‘‘Plan of York Fort,’’ undated. Isham is thought to have drawn this map of York’s old site on the north bank of the Hayes River, downstream from the present site. A brigade of canoes arrives to trade, led by a hatted winterer. The plan shows a landing dock, Native tents, the gated pallisade and ground cleared to prevent an ambush of the fort. 212 [52.205.159.48] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 18:35 GMT) hbca g.2/8 Moses Norton, ‘‘Draught of the Northern Parts of Hudson’s Bay . . .’’ 1760. This map shows routes and landmarks described (and probably drawn) by Matonabbee and Idotlyazee, two leaders who traded at Churchill. Features of this map include the ‘‘middle track’’ up the Hayes River, the Saskatchewan River with three French houses, a Beaver River, a ‘‘Beaver Mount’’ and ‘‘Ye track to Henday’s tent.’’ 213 hbca g.2/15 Andrew Graham, ‘‘A Plan of Part of Hudson’s-Bay & Rivers, communicating with the Principal Settlements,’’ 1772. This map shows the extent of the Bayside factors’ knowledge of the interior before the explorations of Hearne and Cocking. It is a valuable record of the three ‘‘tracks’’ (upper, middle and lower) leading from York Fort to the Saskatchewan River and Lake Winnipeg (‘‘Frenchman’s Lake or Little Sea’’). 214 [52.205.159.48] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 18:35 GMT) hbca g.2/17 Andrew Graham, ‘‘A Plan of part of Hudson’s-Bay & Rivers, communicating with York Fort and Severn,’’ 1774. Drawn after Cocking’s return from his year inland, this map repeats the three canoe routes from York Fort, and traces the Saskatchewan River as far west as the Eagle Hills. Tribal territories are assigned to new Native groups trading at the Bay. 215 hbca g.1/20 Samuel Hearne, ‘‘A Map of some of the principal Lakes River’s &c leading from YF to Basquiaw,’’ [1775]. Hearne kept not only journals but this cartographic record of his two winters inland from York Fort (1773-75). The map shows the river routes in great detail (the shape of lakes, the direction of river flow, the number of rapids and portages), as well as furnishing the Native names of certain features. 216 [52.205.159.48] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 18:35 GMT) hbca g.1/25 Peter Fidler, ‘‘An Indian map of the Different Tribes that inhabit on the East & west side of the Rocky Mountains . . . Drawn by the Feathers or ac ko mok ki—a Blackfoot chief . . .’’ 1801. This map, well known for its representation of the Missouri River and its tributaries, is remarkable also for its location and designation of western Native groups during the period of early contact. Fidler calls these small groups ‘‘Tribes,’’ but few of the names listed on the map are the large linguistically based categories familiar to anthropologists . 217 217 ...