Mothers' Work and Children's Lives: Low-Income Families after Welfare Reform

Index

141 Index The italic letters f, n, and t following a page number indicate that the subject information of the heading is within a figure, note, or table, respectively, on that page. Double italics indicate multiple but consecutive elements. Adolescents behavior of, and mothers’ work, 13, 14, 15–16 care settings for, and data limitations, 93–94 teen pregnancy and mothers’ fears, 15 AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children African-American persons, 4, 11, 29, 31t Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 8, 13 Alcohol dependence mother’s, and child behavior problems, 82–83 WES participants with, 35f, 39–40, 57t American Dream (DeParle), 1, 9 Anxiety disorder, 35f, 39–40 Bane, Mary Jo, on postwelfare family data, 7–8, 87, 91 Behavioral Problems Index (BPI), 107 Behaviors adolescent, and mothers’ work, 13, 14, 15 adult, and male unemployment, 4 child, as WES outcome measures, 24–26, 30–32, 31t, 41, 48n7, 58t, 59t, 81t, 83, 122t data limitations that link mothers’ work and, 90–94 mothers’ job churn and, 67–72, 70ff mothers’ job stability and, 85–86 mothers’ long hours at low pay and, 72–78, 74f, 75ff mothers’ work schedules and, 55, 60t–61t, 62–67, 64f, 65f, 66f, 78, 80–82, 86n1, 86n4 (see also Performance in school) Block grants, 6, 7–8, 12 BPI. See Behavioral Problems Index Bush, Pres. George W. (“43”), TANF reauthorization, 17 California, 97, 105 Caseloads, PRWORA effect on, 10–11 Cash assistance programs, 5, 6, 8, 20–21 Chen, Victor T., author, 15 Child abuse, predictions of, 7–8 Child care caregivers of, 9, 15, 72, 105 concerns about, 26–27, 48nn1–2 cost of, 40–41, 56t settings for, and data limitations, 92–93 subsidies for, 2, 8, 21 Child development, 5, 105 mothers’ work and, 12–16, 42 empirical methods and strategies for, 43–47, 49n12, 123–128 risks in, with welfare reform, 82, 86, 105–106 Child support, strengthening, 18n3 Childbearing, marriage irrelevant to, 4 Children, 4, 105 behavior of, and mothers’ work, 13, 14, 51–54, 52t, 53t, 62–67 performance in school, 14, 15–16, 31t, 32, 58t, 59t, 73–74, 75ff, 81t WES outcome measures as, 24– 26, 30–32, 31t, 58t, 59t mental health in low- vs. higherincome , 94–95 presumed effects of PRWORA on, 7–9 Clinton, Pres. William J. (“Bill”), 10 campaign promises of, 2, 18n2 PRWORA and, 5, 7–8, 18n5 on role of work, 1, 17 Cohabitation, 9, 30, 31t, 83 142 Johnson, Kalil, and Dunifon Connecticut Jobs First Program, evaluation, 13 Council of Economic Advisors, on PRWORA effect on caseloads, 10 Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, requirements, 17 Democrats and welfare reform, 2 DeParle, Jason, author, 1, 9 Depressive disorder, 35f, 39–40, 57t, 98–100 Discrimination, perceived as barrier to work, 40 Domestic violence, 35f, 40 Drug dependence, 35f, 39–40, 57t, 82–83 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 2, 10 Earnings, 18n3 state disregard of, in reducing welfare checks, 5–6, 13, 20 Edelman, Peter, on presumed effects of PRWORA, 7 Education, 4 levels of, 11–12, 16, 48n5, 57t, 100– 101 (see also High school graduates; Postsecondary education) mothers’, and child behavior problems, 82–83 welfare reform and, 2, 10, 19–20 EITC. See Earned Income Tax Credit Ellwood, David, author, 18n3 Employment, 10–11, 105 See also Michigan Women’s Employment Study Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) evaluation, aid to low-wage workers, 97, 106nn1–2 End of Equality, The (Kaus), 3 ERA. See Employment Retention and Advancement evaluation Family support, 20, 87, 105 establishment of household routines, 91–92, 96 legislation for, 2, 5, 18n1 safety nets for temporary setbacks as, 11, 18n3 Family Support Act (1988), work exemptions in, 2, 18n1 Fathers’ involvement, 29, 30, 31t, 57t, 82–83 Financial stresses, 38–39, 41, 56t Florida Family Transition Program, evaluation, 13 Gingrich, Newt, Congress and, 2 Guerra, Tamar, struggles of, 15–16, 87 Harden, Lillie, as single mother, 1 Health insurance Medicaid, and depression intervention, 99–100 Michigan public provision of, 21–22 universal coverage with, 2, 18n3 Health issues, 40 exhaustion as, 15, 16, 80 low- vs. higher-income children with, 94 WES participants with, 57t, 82–83 High school dropouts, 14, 30, 31t, 57t High school graduates low-wage workers as, 4, 100 WES participants as, 30, 31t, 57t, 98 Home literary environment, 29, 31t, 48nn5–6, 57t, 82–83 Housing instability in, 83–84, 83f, 99 policy assistance in, as strengthened safety net, 103–104 single...