Grasses of the Intermountain Region

PAPPOPHOREAE

DANTHONIOIDEAE 223 Zoysia japonica was the first species of Zoysia introduced into cultivation in the United States, with the introduction of the cultivar ‘Meyer’ in the 1950s. It is the most cold-tolerant and coarsely textured of the three species that have been introduced to North America, and is the only species that is currently available as seed in the United States. 11. PAPPOPHOREAE Kunth John R. Reeder† Pl per; rarely ann. Clm herbaceous. Lig of hairs; bld epdm with bicellular microhairs. Infl tml, dense, narrow to somewhat open pan; dis above the glm but not between the flt (except in Cottea). Spklt with 3–10 flt, smt only the lowest flt bisex. Lm 5–13-veined, veins extending into awns, often with intermixed hyaline lobes. Car with punctate hila; emb ½ or more as long as the car. x = 10. The tribe Pappophoreae includes five genera and approximately 40 species. It is represented in tropical and warm regions around the world. Recent work (e.g. Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2008) does not support its recognition as a tribe. 11.01 ENNEAPOGON Desv. ex P. Beauv. John R. Reeder† Pl per or ann; ces, more or less hairy throughout. Clm 3–100 cm; nd hairy; intnd hollow. Shth open; lig of hairs; microhairs of bld each with an elongated bas cell and an inflated tml cell. Infl tml, spikelike to somewhat open pan, bases often included within the uppermost lf shth; dis above the glm but not between the flt, flt falling as a unit. Spklt with 3–6 flt, frequently only the lowest flt bisex, distal flt progressively rdcd. Glm subequal, as long as or slightly shorter than the flt (including the awns), more or less pubescent; lo glm 5–7-veined; lm firm, rounded on the backs, villous below the mid, strongly 9-veined, veins extending into equal, plumose awns 3–5 times as long as the lm bodies and forming a pappuslike crown; pal longer than the lm, entire, thinly memb, 2-veined, 2-keeled, keels hairy; anth 3, 0.2–1.5 mm; sty 2, free to the base, white. x = 10. Name from the Greek ennea, ‘nine’, and pogon, ‘beard’, a reference to the nine hairy awns of the lemmas. Enneapogon includes about 28 species. It is found in tropical and warm regions of the world, especially in Africa and Australia. One species grows in the Intermountain Region. 1. Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauv. Nineawn Pappusgrass [p. 453, 510] Pl per. Clm 20–45 cm, about 1 mm thick, ascending to erect from a hard knotty base, often brchg; nd pubescent. Shth usu shorter than the intnd, more or less pubescent; lig about 0.5 mm; bld mostly 2–12 cm long, 1–2 mm wide, more or less hairy, soon involute. Pan 2–10 cm, spikelike, grayish green or lead-colored. Spklt mostly 5–7 mm, usu only the lowest flt bisex. Glm 3–5 mm, subequal, thin, puberulent; up glm often 3- or 4-veined; lowest lm 1.5–2 mm, firm, rounded on the back; awns 3–4 mm; anth 0.3–0.5 mm. Car 1–1.2 mm, oval, plump; emb subequal to the car. Cleistogamous spklt commonly present in the lo shth, their lm larger than those of the flt in the aerial pan, unawned or with awns that are much rdcd. 2n = 20. Enneapogon desvauxii grows in open areas of the southwestern United States and in much of Mexico, as well as in the Eastern Hemisphere. 6. DANTHONIOIDEAE N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder Grass Phylogeny Working Group Pl usu per, smt ann; when per, ces, rhz, or stln. Clm usu solid, rarely hollow. Lvs distichous; shth usu open; abx lig usu absent; aur usu absent; adx lig of hairs or memb and ciliate; bld not psdpet; mesophyll non-radiate; adx palisade layer absent; fusoid cells absent; arm cells absent; Kranz anatomy absent; midrib simple, usu with 1 vascular bundle (an arc of bundles in Cortaderia); adx bulliform cells present or not; stomata usu with dome-shaped or parallel-sided subsidiary cells (rarely slightly triangular or high dome-shaped); bicellular microhairs usu present, distal cell long, narrow; papillae usu absent. Infl ebracteate (subtending lf somewhat spatheate in Urochlaena Nees), usu paniculate, smt rcm or spicate, occ a single spklt; dis usu above the glm and between the flt, smt below the glm or in the clm. Spklt bisex (smt with unisex flt) or unisex, with 1–7(20) bisex or pist flt...