Aurrera!: A Textbook for Studying Basque, Volumes 1

Index

419 Ablative case and addresses, 375–76 and adjectival phrases, 74–76 and nondik? 158 and norengandik? 368–69 with proper names, 368–69 with proper nouns, 159 with singular nouns, 158, 159 suffixes for, with animate beings, 370 Adjectives with ablative case, 74–76 and markers, 72 placement of, relative to noun, 74, 75, 76 possessive, 227–29 Adverbs and case endings, 46 and nola? 45–46 and singular/plural markers, 40 and suffixes, 46 Affirmative/negative sentence forms for, 89 Ahal and ala, 21, 47–48 future tense, 284 recent past tense, 258, 261 sentence structure for, 259–60 use of, 258–59 Al use of, 15–16 Ala use of, 20 versus edo, 20 Allative case animate forms of, 362–63 with common nouns, 363–64 compared to dative case, 363 and nora? 138–39 and norengana? 362–63 and plural with inanimate nouns, 140–41 Articles, definite defined, 13 formation of, 13 plural of, 14 Articles, indefinite defined, 13 formation of, 13 Asko use of, 126 Associative suffixes and norekin? 95–96, 98 with personal pronouns, 98 use of, 95–96 Auxiliary verbs, 211 and singular object, 252 Badakizu responding to, 172 Basque alphabet, 62 Basque language dialects of, versus Batua, 332 variants of, xiv Batua (Unified Basque) and form of plural subject of transitive verb in, 184 and standardization of suffix endings in ablative case, 159–60 and traditional Basque, xiv Behar conjugation of, 251–52 future tense, 284 past tense, 258, 261 sentence structure for, 259–60 use of, 254–55 Benefactive case. See Destinative case Index 420 in dex Bizi izan negative form of, 89 present tense, 88 Case markers definite, 13 indefinite, 13 use of, in Basque, 13 Colors, 168–69 modifiers with, 169 Comitative case. See Demonstratives, associative Commands list of, 194–95 negative form of, 195 Compound present. See Habitual present Dates, 334–35 days of the week, 149–50 Dative case, 356–57 compared to allative case, 363 and nori? 357 verbs requiring, 349–51, 359–60 Demonstratives hau as pronoun subject, 114 hau / hauek with transitive and intransitive verbs, 237 hau, hori, haiek: nominative forms of, 112; plural inessive forms of, 116; pronunciation of, 112 hori / horiek: forms of, 237–38 hura / haiek: forms of, 111–12, 238 and ablative case, 163–64, 374 and allative case, 163–64, 373 and destinative case, 326 and inessive case, 114–16, 374 as modifiers, 111–12 as pronouns, 111–12 associative, 118 genitive forms of, 235 responding to questions with, 112–13 use of, 112–13 Destinative case demonstratives in, 326 and norentzat? 325 pronouns in, 325–26 suffixes for, 325 Dialects, Basque. See Basque language Dialogues method for learning, xvii–xviii method for using recordings, xviii–xix Drills, substitution how to use, 5, 11 Edo use of, 20 versus ala, 20 Eduki with plural objects, 189 with singular objects, 181–82 stem of, 181–82 Egon conjugation of, 36–37 drill with, 49–50 and izan, 4 with -la, 330 with -lako, 290–91 and nola? 45 and plural markers with plural of, 38 use of, 45 -ekin, 95–96, 98 Ergative marker for, 169 markers for, with common nouns, 184 markers for, with proper nouns, 184 markers on subjects, 182–84 -etaand plural locative, 59 Etorri conjugated, 157 Euskadi (Basque Automonous Community) regions of, 58 Ezin future tense, 284 as negative of ahal, 260 recent past tense, 258, 261 sentence structure for, 259–60 use of, 258–59 Foreign words adding Basque suffixes to, 62 Future tense formation of, 278–81 in dex 421 Genitive case and adjectives, 227–29 with common animate nouns, 231–33 demonstrative forms of, 235 and norena? 227–29 and proper nouns, 230 Gustatzen . . . zaio?: responding to, 355–56 . . . zaizu?: responding to, 349–51 nori gustatzen zaio?: responding to, 357 Habitual present, 309–12 Hika evolution of forms of, 137 use of, 37 Ibili with -la, 331–32 Imperative. See Commands Inessive case, 40 with animate beings, 372–73 with days of the week, 149 with demonstratives, 114–16 drill with, 50–52 and egon, 44 endings for, 42–43 with inanimate nouns, 90–91, 94 and non? 42 plural form of, 92–93, 94 with years, 267 Instrumental case definite form of, 144 indefinite form of, 143, 144 and nola zoaz? 143–44 Interference, 122 Izan drill with plural subjects, 7–9 drill with present-tense forms, 11–12 drill...