The Civilian Conservation Corps In Arizona'S Rim Country: Working In The Woods

Notes

133 introduction: relief from hard times 1. NACCCA Journal (St. Louis, Mo.) 21, no. 3 (March 1998): 4. Assistant leaders were paid $36 per month. Five staff personnel—mess, supply, top sergeant, etc.—earned $45 per month. Harry Dallas, the executive director of the NACCCA, noted that Congress adjusted the enrollee pay scale several times over the life of the program. Over the life of the CCC program in Arizona, enrollees sent home a total of $3.7 million as part of their monthly wages. See Ray Hoyt, “We Can Take It”: A Short Story of the C.C.C. (New York: American Book Company, 1935), 23, for details on enlistment and discharge requirements. 2. John A. Salmond, The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933–1942: A New Deal Case Study (Durham: Duke University Press, 1967), 116. 3. Alison T. Otis, William D. Honey, Thomas C. Hogg, and Kimberly K. Lakin, The Forest Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps: 1933–42 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, fs-395, 1986), 8. 4. Only in rare cases was more than one company assigned to a single camp. The company number was based on the nine army corps areas in the United States. Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas were in the 8th Army Corps. Men recruited from those states were thus organized into companies beginning with the number 8. Company 842, for example, was formed in the Southwest. In the late 1930s several companies of Pennsylvania men from the 3rd Army Corps, organized in the East, were sent to Arizona; their units can be easily identified as well—Company 3346, for instance. In some cases the second number in the company ID was the corps number. See NACCCA Journal 21, no. 12 (December 1998): 6. 5. Charles W. Pflugh, telephone interviews with the author, 30 September1999 ,28October1999,and16November1999;letterof2October 1999. Subsequent references to these sources and to a letter to the author of 4 November 1999 will appear parenthetically in the text. chapter 1: the ccc in arizona 1. Grand Canyon National Park visitors who make their way to the Yavapai Observation Station on the South Rim can see a small display of CCC memorabilia and pick up a pamphlet, The Civilian Conservation Corps at Grand Canyon Village, which serves as a self-guided tour of CCC sites in the area. For a history of a CCC unit working Notes 134 j notes to pages 6–11 at the Grand Canyon, see Louis Purvis, The Ace in the Hole: A Brief History of Company 818 of the Civilian Conservation Corps (Columbus, Ga.: Brentwood ChristianPress, 1989). See alsoPeterBooth, “The CivilianConservation Corps in Arizona, 1933–1942” (master’s thesis, University of Arizona, 1991). 2. Robert D. Baker, Robert S. Maxwell, Victor H. Treat, and Henry C. Dethloff , Timeless Heritage: A History of the Forest Service in the Southwest (Washington , D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, fs-409, 1988), 54. 3. This policy is also consistent with the policy of generally keeping workers within the same army corps area, in this case the 8th Corps. See William S. Collins, The New Deal in Arizona (Phoenix: Arizona State Parks Board, 1999), 209. 4. In later years, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) would work on private land. See Peter Booth, “Cactizonians: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Pima County, 1933–1942,” Journal of Arizona History 32 (autumn 1991): 313. 5. Gregory R. Seymour, The Civilian Conservation Corps in Southeast Arizona : An Overview of Fifteen Soil Conservation and Department of Grazing Camps in Graham and Greenlee Counties, Southeast Arizona (SWCA Archaeological Report No. 95-13, 13 January 1995, prepared for Bureau of Land Management , Safford District, Ariz.), 9. See also Booth, “The CCC in Arizona,” 130. 6. Halbert A. Burch, “CCC History Underway,” Arizona Historical Society Magazine 4, no. 6 (1987): 3. A jobs and money outline of benefits to Arizona can also be found in John Irish’s file at Coconino National Forest, Flagstaff , Ariz. The document is a photocopy from the National Archives, Record Group 35, entry 67, entitled “Federal Security Agency, Civilian Conservation Corps: A Brief Summary of Certain Phases of the CCC Program—Arizona. Period April 1933–June 30, 1942.” 7. Tom Brokaw’s best-selling book The Greatest Generation fails to mention the CCC and its contributions. 8. William Dean, letter to the author, 20 April 2001. Subsequent references to this letter will appear parenthetically in the text. 9. Richard Thim, interview with the author, Phoenix, Ariz., 30 October...