Beloved Child: A Dakota Way of Life

Source Notes

187 Where to Begin Typically a speaker would introduce herself by telling where she is from, with specific reference to a reservation. My mother, Lucille Dion, was enrolled at the Rosebud Reservation, but my siblings and I are not. We are recognized as descendants of the Mdewakanton band. We are related to the LaCroix family who lived at Lower Sioux, Sisseton, and Santee during and after the 1862 Dakota War as well as the Frenier and Felix families. For a complete genealogy, please refer to my book Spirit Car: Journey to a Dakota Past (St. Paul, MN: Borealis Books, 2006). Kids Today Youth and health statistics summarized in Margaret C. Noreuil, RN, PhD, “Coming Full Circle: Understanding American Indian Health Disparities” (Nursing Education and Technology [NEAT]). Statistics on life expectancy , type 2 diabetes, and alcoholism from Indian Health Service, http:// www.ihs.gov/index.asp. Information on youth poverty from U.S. 2000 Census. Dropout rates from October 30, 2006, press release issued by American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC). See also National Center for Education Statistics, http://www.nces.ed.gov. To learn more about Native teen suicides, see “Native Tribes ‘Losing Kids Every Day’ to Suicide,” by Dan Gunderson (Minnesota Public Radio, June 15, 2005), http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/06/10 source notes 07_Layout 1 6/6/2011 10:20 Page 187 188 Source Notes _gundersond_indiansuicide/ : “Across the nation, American Indian teens commit suicide at a rate at least twice the national average. The rate is much higher in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains, where it’s five to seven times higher than the national average, according to an official with the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.” For information about terminator seed technology, see International Seed Federation,“PositionPaperoftheInternationalSeedFederationonGenetic Use Restriction Technologies,” adopted at Bangalore, India (June 2003), http://www.worldseed.org/isf/on_sustainable_agriculture.html.Monsanto grower agreement, http://www.monsanto.com/food-inc/Pages/seedsaving -and-legal-activities.aspx. Chief Luther Standing Bear, Land of the Spotted Eagle (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1933), 330. Eugene Anderson, Ecologies of the Heart: Emotions, Belief, and the Environment (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), quoted in Gary Nabhan, Enduring Seeds: Native American Agriculture and Wild Plant Conservation (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1989), 84. Andrea Smith, “Soul Wound: The Legacy of Native American Schools,” Amnesty Magazine, available: http://www.racismagainstindians.org/Aca demicPapers/SoulWound.htm. In Harm’s Way John Fire Lame Deer with Richard Erdoes, Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 130. Fort Ridgely stone circle: David Mather, “Deeper into History,” Minnesota Conservation Volunteer (2010), http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/volunteer/jul aug10/ridgely.html. Three-fifths of world crops and potato information: Jack Weatherford, Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World (New York: Ballantine Books, 1988), 71. 07_Layout 1 6/6/2011 10:20 Page 188 Source Notes 189 “Vanishing Vegetables,” Foodlinks America, The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) Alliance Blog, October 8, 2010, http://tefapal liance.org/blog/archives/675. Sacredscience:MelissaK.Nelson,ed.,OriginalInstructions:IndigenousTeachings for a Sustainable Future (Rochester, VT: Bear & Company, 2008), 12. Deaths of 90 percent of Natives from disease: Guenter Lewy, “Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?” George Mason University History News Network (January 22, 2007), http://hnn.us/articles/7302.html. Quotation and healing process description: Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart, “From Intergenerational Trauma to Intergenerational Healing,” keynote , Fifth Annual White Bison Wellbriety Conference, Denver, Colorado, April 22, 2005, available: Wellbriety! Online Magazine, 6.6, http://www. whitebison.org/magazine/2005/volume6/no6.htm. For more information about Dr. Brave Heart, see http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/faculty/ profiles/braveheart.html. Other researchers doing compelling work on historical trauma include Dolores Subia BigFoot, PhD, Director, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Karina Walters, PhD, University of Washington, Department of Social Work. Conversation with student: adapted from my essay “Beloved Child,” Yellow Medicine Review: A Journal of Indigenous Literature, Art, and Thought, Southwest Minnesota State University (Winter 2007): 170. My greatgreat -grandmother’s encounter is related in Helen Mar Tarble, The Story of My Capture and Escape during the Minnesota Indian Massacre of 1862 (St. Paul: Abbott Printing Company, 1904), 16–17. Information about the 1862 Dakota War and the Dakota Commemorative March: Kenneth Carley, The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota’s Other Civil War (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press...