78 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 86 with them. This was repeated for four consecutive nights. The requirements of those who kept a "spirit bundle" were similar to the custom of the Sioux. (Bull. 61, pp. 77-84.) The "spirit bundle" of a child was made by its mother. She carried it on her back if she went around the camp, or placed it upright in the wigwam, laying food before it as though it were a living thing. Sometimes instead of carrying a "spirit bundle" a mother placed the child's clothing in its cradle board and carried that for a year. If a woman were keeping the "spirit bundle" of her husband, she treated it as if it were the habitation of his spirit, laying food before it and placing it beside her at night. At first the bundle was small, but it grew larger as she wrapped around it whatever she obtained that was new and of value, as cloth, blankets, or beadwork. She also made all kinds of beadwork, such as moccasins and belts, and wrapped them with the bundle. At the end of a year she took this on her back and went to the lodge of her husband's relatives asking for her freedom. If she had been frivolous or indiscreet, they could require her to carry the pack still longer. If, however, they were willing to release her they gave a great feast, at which the" spirit bundle" was unrolled, and the articles therein were given to the husband's relatives, who painted her face and in turn gave her presents of fresh clothing l\.nd other articles. She was then declared free and could marry again if she so desired. A husband carried a "spirit bundle" for his wife, but it was much smaller. If a man had two wives he was not required to do this, but the woman's mother carried the bundle and mourned for her daughter, the husband supplying all the goods for the bundle. After the feast which followed the keeping of a "spirit bundle" the lock of hair which formed the nucleus of the bundle was buried beside the grave of the person whose spirit had been kept. The lock of hair was still wrapped in the birch-bark wrapping, as when in the "spirit bundle." DREAMS (a) Signifioarn.ce of dreams.-In order to understand the character of the Chippewa we must take into consideration the influence of the dream on the life of the Indian. An aged Chippewa said: "In the old days our people had no education. They could not learn from books nor from teachers. All their wisdom and knowledge came to them in dreams. They tested their dreams, and in that way learned their own strength." The ability to dream was cultivated from earliest childhood. "Try to dream and to remember what you dream," was a frequent admonition to children when they were put to bed. Thus the imagination was stimulated, and there arose a keen desire to ~ee something elttraordinary in sleep. No significance was bENS1>IOJlE] CHIPPEWA CUSTOMS 79 attached to these childish dreams, but they prepared the way for the really important dream that the child sought on attaining its maturity. Parents instructed both girls and boys concerning the importance of this dream and the means of securing it. Purity of life and thought was one essential to the revelation of one's guardian spirit or tutelary. Fasting, isolation, and mediation were the principal conditions under which such a dream might be secured. (See p.70.) The dream thus secured was of greatest importance in the life of the individual, though he or she might have other dreams. We note the confident expectation in the mind of the child, the stimulating of the brain by lack of food, and the unfamiliar waking impressions that may have combined with the child's own character to determine the subject of its dream. This is a matter of physiology and of psychology. The Chippewa say that in their dreams they often returned to a previous state of existence; also that they saw things which no Indian had seen at that time, but which they themselves saw and recognized in later years, such as sailing vessels and frame houses. It was said the power of the dream was so great that a man had been known to assume the form which had been his in a previous existence, and which had formed...