Wading for Bugs: Exploring Streams with the Experts

Index

155 Index Note: References in this index include exact phrases within the text and also references which describe a characteristic or process more broadly. B behavior alarm response, 121-22 drift, 3, 16, 17, 21, 27 escape reaction 124,136 vertical migration, 44, 98 grouping, 122, 128 See also: crawlers; swimmers; clingers; burrowers; case building; flying; mating; prey detection; shredders burrowers/burrowing, 3, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 50, 59, 101, 104, 107 C case building, 34, 39-40, 54, 59, 62-63 clingers, 17, 18, 21, 72, 75 collectors filterers, 10, 36, 42, 47, 65, 71, 72, 73, 75, 78, 95 gatherers, 14, 21 crawlers/sprawlers, 16, 17, 101 D detritivores, 64 development complete, 35, 66, 113 gradual, 2, 19, 23, 101, 115 diapause, 2, 23, 28, 35, 40, 59, 63, 88, 101 dispersal, 133 beetles, 113, 120 bugs, 115, 124, 129, 131, 133-36 caddisflies, 35, 135 dragonflies, 110 stoneflies, 28, 31 156 Index dispersal (continued) true flies, 73 See also flying E ecosystems desert, 48, 123, 126 headwaters, 25, 60 lake/pond outlets, 44, 47, 73, 75, 77 lakes, 22, 91, 93, 95, 98, 111, 116, 119, 122, 127, 129 mountains, 25, 28, 51, 78, 85, 132 rivers, 10, 13, 14, 21, 30, 73, 82, 88, 104-107, 110, 111, 130, 131 springs, 50, 73 temporary streams, 48-50, 57, 60, 136 waterfalls, 81 egg laying beetles, 122 bugs, 115. 125, 126, 134 caddisflies, 38-39, 45, 55, 58, 60, 62, 64 dragonflies, 106, 110 mayflies, 3, 7, 19 stoneflies, 23 true flies, 66, 77, 81, 87, 93, 98, 99 emergence beetles, 113 caddisflies, 35, 40, 41, 45, 47, 54-55, 58, 60, 64 dragonflies, 101, 106, 107, 110, 111 mayflies, 1-3, 5-6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18-19 stoneflies, 23, 29, 33 true flies, 66, 73, 78, 82, 86, 88, 91-92, 98 See also exuvia exuvia, 6, 91-92, 104-6 F flying/flight, 22-23, 28, 66, 87, 101, 113, 129, 133, 135, 136 flightless, 93, 125-26 flow. See habitat requirements, flow Index 157 functional feeding groups. See collectors, filterers; collectors, gatherers; grazers; predators, insects; shredders G generation time. See life histories gills abdominal, 1, 14, 17, 18, 21, 34, 35, 100 caudal, 100 thoracic, 22 grazers (scrapers), 41, 56, 80, 82, 88, 112 H habitat requirements cool water 22, 25, 30, 33, 34, 41, 60, 78, 88, 93 flow fast/rapid, 17, 21, 25, 42, 45, 72, 82, 87, 88, 110, 111, 113, 133 calm/slow, 17, 21, 42, 47, 56, 110, 113, 122 perennial water, 125-26, 129- 31 riparian vegetation, 23, 41, 45, 47, 55, 58, 100-102, 107, 122 stable banks, 107 well-oxygenated water, 21, 22, 33, 73, 82, 88, 93, 113 See also sensitive taxa; tolerant taxa halteres, 66 I imago, 2, 6, 14, 19 L life histories bivoltine, 18, 19, 35, 60, 66, 88, 91 more than one generation/year (merivoltine, semivoltine), 23, 28, 31, 35, 92, 101, 107, 125 multivoltine, 2, 66, 72, 88, 91, 99 univoltine, 2, 10, 14, 19, 23, 35, 41, 46, 51, 55, 60, 64, 66, 72, 78, 81, 88, 99, 111, 122, 131, 136 158 Index M mating bugs, 115, 125 caddisflies, 45, 41, 47, 55, 58, 64 dragonflies, 102, 106 mayflies, 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 19 stoneflies, 23 true flies, 77, 78, 87, 93, 99 metamorphosis. See development microhabitats bedrock, 54, 56, 78 cobble/boulders, 9, 33, 56, 75-76, 78, 82, 85, 87, 110 edgewaters, 21, 45, 46-47, 53, 58, 62, 64, 77, 93, 99, 100, 113, 116, 122 gravels, 21, 23, 53, 60, 82 moss, 17, 42, 55, 57 mud, 14, 17, 21, 57, 93, 95, 99, 110-11, 113 riffles, 7, 8, 21, 82, 86, 133 sand, 10, 42, 50-51, 59-60, 92, 104-5, 107, 110-11, 113 silt, 9-10, 14, 104-5 vegetation, 23, 41, 45- 47, 55, 58, 71-73, 100-102, 122 wood, 16, 21, 35, 45, 49, 58, 60, 63-64, 110, 122 molting, 1-3, 7, 10, 14, 19, 22-23, 33, 35, 40, 46, 54, 66, 101, 107 P predation by birds, 29, 33, 52, 63, 91, 106, 128 by fish, 5-8, 10, 14, 25, 29, 33, 34, 38, 54-55, 63, 91, 98-99, 106, 119-20, 128-29, 131 by insects, 43, 70, 82, 93, 95, 98-99, 100-101, 107, 110-11, 112, 114, 122, 123, 126...