The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests

Notes

377 Notes Frequently Cited Journals AF American Forests Ag. Hist. Agricultural History AL American Lumberman CL Canada Lumberman FCH Forest & Conservation History FH Forest History IY Idaho Yesterdays JAH Journal of American History JF Journal of Forestry JFH Journal of Forest History JSH Journal of Southern History JW Journal of the West Mich. Hist. Michigan History Minn. Hist. Minnesota History MVHR Mississippi Valley Historical Review OHQ Oregon Historical Quarterly PHR Pacific Historical Review PNQ Pacific Northwest Quarterly SL Southern Lumberman Timb. The Timberman WHQ Western Historical Quarterly Wis. Mag. Hist. Wisconsin Magazine of History Chapter One 1. Jared Eliot, Essays Upon Field Husbandry in New England and Other Papers, 1748-1762, Harry J. Carman, ed. (New York: AMS Press, 1967), 7; William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill & Wang, 1983), 54-81, 127-56. 2. Isaac Weld, Travels through the States of North America, and Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, during the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797 (4th ed.; 2 vols.; London: Stockdale, 1807), 1: 32, 39-41; Markham quoted in Stevenson Whitcomb Fletcher, Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life, 1640-1840 (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1950), 2; Tycho de Boer, Nature, Business, and Community in North Carolina’s Green Swamp (Gainesville: University Press of Virginia, 2008), 38-41, 44-46. 3. Quoted in Richard G. Lillard, The Great Forest (New York: Knopf, 1948), 138. See also: Charles F. Carroll, The Timber Economy of Puritan New England (Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1973), 57-71, 123-28; Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 115-16, 129-34; Michael Williams, Americans and their Forests: A Historical Geography (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 5, 53-110. 378 The Lumberman’s Frontier 4. John Smith, The Complete Works of Captain John Smith (1580-1631), Philip L. Barbor, ed. (3 vols.; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 1: 206, 238, 263; William Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647, W. C. Ford, ed. (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1912), 1: 235. 5. Silver, New Face on the Countryside, 116; Louis C. Hunter, A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1780-1930, vol. 1: Waterpower in the Century of the Steam Engine (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1979), 2-3, 7-8, 29; Philip Alexander Bruce, Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (2 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1896), 2: 429-32, 491 (1st quote, p. 429; 2nd quote, p. 491); James Elliott Defebaugh, History of the Lumber Industry of America (2 vols.; Chicago: American Lumberman, 1906-1907), 2: 496-99, 556-59; Carl Bridenbaugh, The Colonial Craftsman (New York: New York University Press, 1950), 18-24; William F. Fox, History of the Lumber Industry in the State of New York, Sixth Annual Report, New York Forest, Fish, and Wildlife Commission (Albany: State Printer, 1901), 12-15. The Dutch had long used wind- and water-powered mills; the English, by contrast, depended upon hand-sawn planks to meet their needs. England’s sawyers were largely responsible; fearing for their jobs, they discouraged sawmills through riots, sabotage, and other means. Defebaugh, History of the Lumber Industry, 2: 9; Hunter, Waterpower, 7, 15, 19, 29, 44-46; Bruce, Economic History, 2: 430. 6. Everett S. Stackpole, Old Kittery and Her Families (Lewiston, Me.: Lewiston Journal, 1903), 13, 20, 22-25, 130, 311-12; Stackpole, “The First Permanent Settlement in Maine,” Sprague’s Journal of Maine History, 14 (1926): 193; Philip T. Coolidge, History of the Maine Woods (Bangor, Me.: FurbushRoberts , 1963), 21-23; Carroll, Timber Economy, 70-71. Numerous sources date Mason’s mill from 1631, but that was the date of establishment of his plantation and building of the Great House; the sawmill was erected in 1634. In this case, the technology was Danish. Defebaugh, History of the Lumber Industry, 2: 6-9, 21, 63-66. On Mason, see: John W. Dean, ed., Capt John Mason, Founder of New Hampshire (Boston: Prince Society, 1887). 7. Leland J. Bellott, William Knox: The Life and Thought of an EighteenthCentury Imperialist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977), 71-72, 110. However, lumbering developed slowly in the South partly because stands of longleaf pine and bald cypress, the region’s best lumber species, grew on lands poorly suited for agriculture. Silver, New Face on the Countryside, 121; J. A. Prestridge, “Cypress from...