Black, White, and Catholic: New Orleans Interracialism, 1947-1956

Notes

NOTES Abbreviations LORINCO Annual Report of Meetings and Activities of the Louisiana Regional InterRacial Commission ALUNO Special Collections and Archives, Monroe Library, Loyola University, New Orleans ANOSJ Archives of the New Orleans Province of the Society of Jesus ARC-CCS Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, Catholic Committee of the South collection ARSCJ-College College Journal 1939–1956, National Archives of the Society of the Sacred Heart ARSCJ-House House Journals: 1941–1953, National Archives of the Society of the Sacred Heart ARSI Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (Roman Archive of the Society of Jesus) CC Christian Conscience CCM Commission for Catholic Missions among Colored People and Indians CHR Commission on Human Rights of the Catholic Committee of the South CI Christian Impact DCA Archives of St. Mary’s Dominican College DJA Dallas Jesuit College Preparatory School Archives DSA Archives of the Dominican Congregation of St. Mary, Dominican Center, New Orleans JFRP Joseph Francis Rummel Papers JHFP Joseph H. Fichter Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Monroe Library, Loyola University, New Orleans LJTP Louis J. Twomey Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Monroe Library, Loyola University, New Orleans LUBD Loyola University of the South’s board of directors’ minutes RNFCCS Records of the National Federation of Catholic College Students SERINCO Southeastern Regional Interracial Commission XUA Archives of Xavier University Preface 1. James Hennesey, American Catholics: A History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), 304–6; John Tracey Ellis, American Catholicism, 2d ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969), 147–48; Jay Dolan, The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992), 365–71. 2. Roger Baudier, The Catholic Church in Louisiana (New Orleans: A. W. Hyatt Stationery Manufacturing, 1939), 421. St. Mary’s was founded by the Dominican sisters from Cabra, Ireland, in 1910 on a parcel of land located in uptown New Orleans, an affluent area upriver from the city’s downtown. With a curriculum that stressed the liberal arts, 213 Anderson final pages 8/10/05 9:15 AM Page 213 science, religion, and philosophy, Dominican College was the first Catholic institution of higher learning for women in New Orleans. Course offerings were limited because the student body was small. The college did not obtain accreditation until the late 1940s. 3. Baudier, Catholic Church, 498–99, 557. Established by the Society of Jesus in 1904 as Loyola College, Loyola University of the South was granted a state charter as a degreegranting institution of higher learning in 1912. The university stressed the traditional liberal arts program, but it also had a business school, dental school, and school of law. Admission was limited to white males, with white women having limited access to professional programs and course work there. 4. Baudier, Catholic Church, 520–21. Ursuline College was established in 1927 by the Ursuline sisters, who had been ministering to New Orleans Catholics since 1727. Like the Dominican institution, Ursuline College offered courses in the liberal arts for the young white Catholic women of New Orleans. Unlike Dominican, Ursuline never obtained accreditation, which ultimately resulted in its closing in the early 1950s. 5. The Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus arrived in Grand Coteau in 1821 and established a boarding school for young women that same year; the Academy of the Sacred Heart is still in operation. The College of the Sacred Heart opened in 1939 and closed in 1956. 6. In 1917 the Blessed Sacrament Sisters, a religious order of women founded by St. Katharine Drexel to work among blacks and Indians, established a “normal school” in New Orleans to produce black teachers who would work in the Louisiana countryside. Eight years later, in 1925, the normal school became a teachers’ training college and Xavier College of Liberal Arts with an enrollment of forty-seven. The next year a premedical department was opened, followed by a school of pharmacy in 1927. Baudier, Catholic Church, 519; Katherine Burton, The Golden Door, The Life of Katharine Drexel (New York: P. J. Kenedy and Sons, 1957), 259–79; Consuela Marie Duffy, Katharine Drexel: A Biography (Philadelphia: P. Reilly Co., 1966), 324–29; Kim Lacy Rogers, Righteous Lives: Narratives of the New Orleans Civil Rights Movement (New York: New York University Press, 1993), 6; Betty Porter, “The History of Negro Education In Louisiana,” Louisiana Historical Quarterly 25 (July 1942): 728–821. 7. For statistics concerning the New Orleans Catholic college student populations between 1947 and 1956...