Giants Among Us: First-Generation College Graduates Who Lead Activist Lives

Index

265 Index abuse survivors, achievement of, 237 academic preparedness. See minority students academic success, factors for enhancing, 232– 38, 249–50 access to college, 136–41, 220, 239–43 activism of first-generation students and identity, 171 burn-out from, 78–79 defined, 10 during 1960s, 36, 58, 76, 153 environmental issues, 66 influences on, 190–91, 227, 231 motivations for, 174–75, 177–78, 289 of minority graduates, 243 of study participants, 8, 36, 45–46, 59–61, 80–87, 171–202, 224, 227–30; analysis of, 189–202 pre-mentoring, 249 research on, 224–29 risk-taking, 237 student involvement in, 225–26 adjustment to college. See first-generation students administrative style, 220, 246–47 admissions. See access Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The, 168 advisement, importance of, 138–39, 210, 235 positive/negative examples of, 240–47 affirmative action, 239, 241–43 African American students, 220, 243. See also black; ethnic minorities Alaskan Native, persistence of, 220 Albom, M., 219 Alcorn University, 195 Alex (study participant), 19, 49–63, 107–8, 109, 115, 117–18, 126–28, 147, 153, 205, 246–47 Algebra Project, 239 All Star Sports, 87 altruism. See activism; compassion “America Reads,” literacy campaign, 241 American Dream Home, 86 American Indian Center, 69–70 Amish (Missouri), 88 Anderson, Marian, 55, 128 Anderson, E., 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215–16 Angelou, Maya, 225 Angola, 37 Annie (study participant), 19–36, 98–99, 101, 122–23, 128, 142–43, 154, 163, 165, 191, 202, 222 Antioch University, 67 Arlene (study participant), 19–20, 63–75, 110– 11, 151–52, 154, 191–92, 206, 232 art and activism, 75 Art League (New York City), 77, 200 ascending cross-class identification analysis of, 120–28 and identify formation, 223–24, 231 and risk-taking, 195–96, 237 “culture of immersion,” 222–23 effects on low SES students, 221 examples of, 120, 124–28, 234 importance of for first-generation students, 97, 206, 214–15, 217, 221–23, 229, 230–31, 233 research needed on, 216 strategies for enhancing, 240, 249 Asian, study participant, 105–6, 136, 155, 199 Asians discrimination against, 184 mislabeled as model students, 217 ASPIRA, 58 266 Index Astin, A. W., 218, 225, 226–29, 247 Aurora, IL, 62–63 Baltimore, MD, 129–30, 173 Baptist Church, 185 Barahona, D., 208 Barbara (study participant), 112–14, 123–26, 128, 153, 172, 206 Bates College, 138 Beating the Odds: How the Poor Get to College, 106 Beaufort Training School, 41 Becker, H. S., 13 Belenky, M., 231 belongingness, of first-generation students, 141–42, 216–17, 234–35, 246–49 Berger, J., 213, 215, 220 Bernstein, Jane Holmes, 231 Bessemer, AL, 186 Bethany Bible Mission, 63 Bethune, Mrs., 249 Bethune-Cookman College, 249 biculturalism. See culture-straddling Billson, J., 9, 210 birth order, and academic achievement, 207 Black, Laurel Johnson, 235 blacks. See also minority students; tracking academic readiness, 216 and affirmative action, 242 at Yale University, 150 as study participant, 19–48, 102–3, 108–9, 115–16, 122–23, 144, 146, 152, 154, 159–60, 163, 185–89, 194–98, 205–6 case studies of, 19–48 discrimination against, 167–70, 172, 175, 186, 209, 222 educational attainment of, 225 families of, 209, 218 faculty expectations, 168–69 in public schools, 167–70 Blue Mountain Lake, 77 Boardman, S., 7, 207, 218, 219, 225, 230, 237 Bok, D., 239, 242 Book of Knowledge, 176 Bourdieu, Piere, 211, 214–15 Bowen, W., 209, 239, 242 Bowling Green University, 195–96 Bowman, S., 9, 210 Boyer, E., 219 Bradbury, Ray, 82 Braxton, John M., 210, 211, 212, 215, 220–21 “breaking in,” task of first-generation students, 5–6 Brookfield, S. 219 Brooks, T., 210 Brooks-Terry, M., 9, 210 Brown, Tony, 31 Brown University, 138, 224 Brown v. Board of Education, 92 Brown v. Topeka, 239 Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 112, 124 business loans to the poor, 179–32 Cabrini Green, housing project, 84 Caine, G., 98–99 Caine, R. N., 98–99 Cares Foundation, 86 Carleton College, 138 Carson, Benjamin, 219, 224 case studies, of participants, 172–89. See also individual entries for Alex, Annie, Arlene, Barbara, Chang, Clara, Dorothy, Fred, Grant, Jerry, John, Jorge, Ken, Lorraine, Maria, Sadie, Steve Cayuga (tribe), 72, 70 Chang (study participant), 105–6, 136, 155–56, 199 Chicago, IL (as site of residence, schooling), 65–68, 69, 73, 84, 100, 151, 160, 172, 175, 177, 178, 181–82, 190 Chicago Bears, 87 Chicago Housing Authority, 180 Chicago Tribune, 74...