Anonymous in Their Own Names: Doris E. Fleischman, Ruth Hale, and Jane Grant

Notes

231 Notes Introduction 1. Lorine Pruette, “Why Women Fail,” in Women’s Coming of Age: A Symposium, ed. Samuel D. Schmalhausen and V. F. Calverton (New York: Horace Liveright, 1931), 257–58. 2. Stuart Ewen, PR! A Social History of Spin (New York: Basic Books, 1996), 3. 3. Heywood Hale Broun, Whose Little Boy Are You? A Memoir of the Broun Family (New York: St. Martin’s, 1983), 171. 4. Letter from Harold Ross to Lloyd Stryker, Oct. 29, 1945, box 84, folder 9, New Yorker Records, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, New York Public Library, New York, NY. 5. “The Married Woman’s Maiden Name Again,” Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug. 20, 1924, a clipping in Ruth Hale’s Scrapbook, Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 6. Ruth Hale, “Freedom in Divorce,” Forum, Sept. 1926, 336. Chapter 1 1. Author’s interview with Edward L. Bernays, May 26, 1986, Cambridge, MA. 2. Notes for A Wife Is Many Women, Doris Fleischman Bernays Papers, box 1, folder 33, Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (hereafter DFB Papers). Her full name was Doris Elsa Fleischman. 3. Doris Fleischman Bernays, A Wife Is Many Women (New York: Crown Publishers, 1955), 167. 4. Ibid., 168; author’s interview with Anne Bernays, Oct. 29, 1989, Cambridge, MA; author’s telephone interview with Camille Roman, Nov. 20, 1995. 5. “Drops Dead in Park,” New York Times, May 27, 1924, 21; A Wife Is Many Women, 81, 168–69. In an interview with the author on May 26, 1986, Bernays admitted that Fleischman ’s first job after graduating from Barnard was at a charity that “took care of women.” He said he told her, “I think you’re very silly to spend your life on a charity,” and helped her make the contact that led to her Tribune job. 6. Author’s interview with Edward L. Bernays, Mar. 26, 1988, Cambridge, MA; research notes for Biography of an Idea chapter draft titled “Doris and I,” 1–4, box I:461, Edward L. Bernays Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC (hereafter ELB Papers). 7. Edward L. Bernays, Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 53–55. 8. Ibid., 57–61. 9. Transcript of Edward L. Bernays Oral History (1971), 448, Oral History Research Office, Columbia University, New York, NY. 232 Notes to Pages 10–13 10. Bernays described these early years at length in Biography of an Idea, 62–152. The quotes are on pages 102 and 75. 11. Ibid., 155–78. For a good description of the work of the CPI, see Stuart Ewen, PR! A Social History of Spin (New York: Basic Books, 1996), 102–27. 12. Ewen, PR!, 126–33; Scott Cutlip, The Unseen Power: Public Relations. A History (Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994), 105–6; Alan R. Raucher, Public Relations and Business, 1900–1929 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968), 73–74. 13. Transcript of Edward L. Bernays Oral History, 60–62. 14. Biography of an Idea, 187. 15. Ibid., 187–94; transcript of Edward L. Bernays Oral History, 61–65. Specific dates are from a chronology of his activities prepared by Bernays that is in box I:498, ELB Papers. 16. Ishbel Ross, Ladies of the Press: The Story of Women in Journalism by an Insider (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1936), 122–25. 17. More than sixty of Fleischman’s Tribune stories can be found in box 1, folders 2–3, DFB Papers. “Woman at the Lightweight Championship” ran on Mar. 14, 1915. Her press pass for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition is in box III:2, ELB Papers. 18. A Wife Is Many Women, 38, 169. 19. Her pride in her amateur theatrical acting was shown by its inclusion in the press release announcing their marriage that she and Bernays produced in September 1922. (See box I:746, ELB Papers.) Her pride in her Peace Parade participation was evident in the fact that it often was included in her later summaries of accomplishments, and it was noted in the press release Bernays sent out when she died in July 1980. (See box III:45, ELB Papers.) 20. The clipping files Fleischman donated to the Schlesinger Library contain no Tribune articles with her byline after March 19, 1916. Further evidence that she left...