Great Cruelties Have Been Reported: The 1544 Investigation of the Coronado Expedition

APPENDIX 3 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA

Appendix 3 Geographical Data Aqucui,Acus, Acuco Aqucui, Acus, and Acuco are renderings of the Keresan ák'u, the native ñame of the New México pueblo now usually referred to as Acoma. The pueblo in modern Cíbola County is today only lightly populated on a íull-time basis. Notable now as in the sixteenth century, Acoma occupies the top of an isolated 350-íbot-high, sheer-walled mesain Acoma Valley.The pueblo has been occupied since at least the HOOs. At long distance and unbeknownst to the people of Acoma, in 1539 fray Marcos de Niza took symbolic possession of Acus for the king of Spain. Its population in 1540 included an estimated 200 adult males. Contact between Acoma and the expedition to Tierra Nueva was minimal. Velma García-Mason, "Acoma Pueblo," in Southwest, vol. 9 o&Handbook ofNorth American Indians, ed. Alfonso Ortiz (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979), 450, 456; RobertJulyan, ThePlaceÑames ofNew México (Albuquerque:University of New México Press, 1996), 3;AGÍ, Patronato, 20, N. 5, R. 10. Arahe Members of the expedition to Tierra Nueva were told of a land to the east, and possibly north, of Quivira called Arahe or Harahey. It was supposed to be wealthier in precious metáis than Quivira. It is thought by most students of the subject that Arahe was a región of ancestral Pawnee settlements in modern eastern Nebraska. Had the expedition toTierra Nueva continued another year, Arahe would have been among its destinations. New York Public Library, Rich Collection, no. 63, Primera Parte, Capítulo 18 and Tercera Parte, Capítulo 2; Riley, Rio delNorte, 196; Bolton, Coronado, 233. The Barrancas Narratives of the expedition to Tierra Nueva refer to two barrancas on the edge of the buffalo plains visited by the expedition in mid summer 1541. The first was inhabited byTeyas 564 Appendix3 Indians in a settlement of hide tents. No human occupation was reported in the second and larger barranca, indicating that it may have been in a buffer zone between Teyas and Querechos . In the last five years one of those barrancas has been identified archeologically as Blanco Canyon in southern Floyd County and northern Crosby County,Texas. I have contended that Blanco Canyon is the first barranca, where the expedition was hit by a powerful hail storm. Part of the support for this view isthe presencewithin the canyon of severa!large Garza Complex settlements that appear to have been occupied during the middle sixteenth century. Nevertheless , the archeologist excavating a likely campsite of the expedition in Blanco Canyon and a number of other scholars hold that Blanco Canyon represents the secondbarranca. New York Public Library, Rich Collection, no. 63, Primera Parte, Capítulo 19 and Capítulo 20; Richard Flint,"A Coronado Campsite in Blanco Canyon,Texas," Wagón Tracks, Santa Fe Trail Association Quarterly 11 (August 1997), 3-4; Donald J. Blakeslee, Richard Flint, and Jack T. Hughes, "Una Barranca Grande: Recent Archeological Evidence and a Discussion of Its Place in the Coronado Route," in The Coronado Expedition to Tierra Nueva, 370-83. Betuco, Batuco On its return route from Tierra Nueva the expedition passed through Batuco,where the people provided supplies, despite the ongoing disturbance in the nearby Señora Valley. No mention of Batuco was made in accounts of the northbound journey, giving rise to the possibility that the return route was somewhat different. Of the two settiements named Batuco in modern Sonora, it is probably the one on the Río Moctezuma that wasvisited by the expedition in 1542. New York Public Library, Rich Collection, no. 63, Tercera Parte, Capítulo 5; Jerry Gurulé, "Francisco Vázquez de Coronado s Northward Trek Through Sonora," in The Coronado Expedition to Tierra Nueva, 160. Brava, Braba, Uraba Brava or Braba has been identified as modern Taos Pueblo, a northern Tiwa community, situated now, as in 1540-1542, along Taos Creek, a small tributary flowing into the Rio Grande from the east in Taos County, New México. It was in the sixteenth century and still is the northernmost Pueblo community. It was apparently visited only twice by the expedition, evidentlywithout incident. It wasgiven the ñame Valladolid bythe Spaniards.The ñame Brava was also occasionally written as Uraba and, in severa!ofTejadas 1544questions, was inadvertently mislocated in Sonora. Albert H. Schroeder, "Pueblos Abandoned in Historie Times," in Southwest, vol. 9,251; New York Public Library, Rich Collection, no. 63, Primera Parte, Capítulo 22. Chia,Zia During...