Scientists and Storytellers: Feminist Anthropologists and the Construction of the American Southwest

Notes

189 Notes Introduction 1. Benedict, “Folklore,” 291. 2. Lemons, The Woman Citizen. In making this distinction, he builds on the work of William O’Neill, in “Feminism as a Radical Ideology.” 3. Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism. 4. Lane, To “Herland” and Beyond. 5. Lerner, “Women’s Rights and American Feminism,” 236–37. 6. Stocking, Victorian Anthropology; Stocking, ed., Observers Observed; and Stocking, The Ethnographer’s Magic; Kuklick, The Savage Within; Clifford and Marcus, eds., Writing Culture; and Clifford, The Predicament of Culture. 7. Stocking, “The Ethnographic Sensibility of the 1920s,” in The Ethnographer’s Magic, 187–237. Other discussions of this transformation include: May, The End of American Innocence; Lears, No Place of Grace; Leuchtenberg, The Perils of Prosperity; Nash, The Nervous Generation; Baritz, “The Culture of the Twenties”; and Singal, ed., Modernist Culture in America. 8. Bieder, Science Encounters the Indian; Hinsley, Savages and Scientists. 9. Basso, “History of Ethnological Research,” 14–21. 10. Redfield, Tepoztlán; and Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village; Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa; and Freeman, Margaret Mead and Samoa; Freeman, “On Franz Boas and the Samoan Researches of Margaret Mead”; Freeman, “‘There’s Tricks i’ th’ World.’” 11. Albers, “From Illusion to Illumination”; and Medicine, “The Anthropologist as the Indian’s Image Maker.” 12. Clarke, Sex in Education, esp. 37; and Maudsley, “Sex in Mind and Education.” To place these works in context, see Russett, Sexual Science. 190 13. For an overview of this impetus within feminism, see Rosenberg, “In Search of Woman’s Nature.” For an example of how these struggles played out in the lives of one community of women and one strain of American thought, see Pittenger, “Evolution, ‘Woman’s Nature’ and American Feminist Socialism.” 14. Bataille and Sands, American Indian Women. 15. Ibid., p. 3. 16. Ibid., p. 4. 17. In 1992, Lamphere edited an issue of Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies focusing on the Southwest, which included essays about women anthropologists in the Southwest by both Babcock and herself; see Frontiers 12, no. 3 (1992). In addition, see Parezo, Hidden Scholars. 18. See Babcock’s essay, “Elsie Clews Parsons and the Pueblo Construction of Gender,” introducing her edition of Pueblo Mothers and Children. Babcock also produced, with Museum of Arizona Curator of Ethnology Nancy Parezo, Daughters of the Desert, an illustrated catalog of an exhibit at the University of Arizona. 19. Lamphere, “Women, Anthropology, Tourism, and the Southwest”; and Lamphere, “Gladys Reichard among the Navajo.” 20. Scott, “Gender”; see also Ortner and Whitehead, eds., Sexual Meanings. 21. Russett, Sexual Science. See also Rosenberg, Beyond Separate Spheres; and Fitzpatrick, Endless Crusade. 22. For a discussion of the significance of conquest in the history of the West, see: Limerick, The Legacy of Conquest; and Casteñeda, “Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History.” 23. Spicer, Cycles of Conquest. 24. For the gendering of conquest, see: Morrissey, “Engendering the West.” On female moral authority, see: Pascoe, Relations of Rescue. 25. Two overviews that illustrate the fecundity of recent research in the history of sexuality are: D’Emilio and Freedman, Intimate Matters; and Duberman, Vicinus, and Chauncey, eds., Hidden from History. 26. Foucault, The History of Sexuality. 27. Epstein and Straub, eds., Body Guards; and Garber, Vested Interests. 28. Lacquer, Making Sex. 29. Todorov, The Conquest of America. 30. Smith, The View from Officers’ Row; an interesting example of this can be found in Martha Summerhayes’s Vanished Arizona, in which she describes her Cocopah servant Charley, whose “gee-string” costume “showed the supple muscles of his clean-cut thighs,” as “tall, and well-made, with clean-cut limbs and features, fine smooth copper-colored skin, handsome face. . . . This was my Charley, my half-tame Cocopah” (156, 150). 31. Hutton, Phil Sheridan and His Army, esp. 80–81, 144, 194. 32. Williams, The Spirit and the Flesh; Will Roscoe, The Zuñi Man-Woman. 33. Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away. NOTES฀TO฀PAGES฀9–19 191 Chapter 1 1. Mead, “Apprenticeship under Boas,” 43. 2. Basso, “History of Ethnological Research,” 14. 3. Goldfrank, Notes on an Undirected Life, 42. ฀ 4. Bennett, “The Interpretation of Pueblo Culture,” 361. 5. Hinsley, Savages and Scientists, as quoted in Parezo, “Conclusion,” 359. 6. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 7. Crane, Invisible Colleges, 99. 8. Boas’s opposition to the cultural evolutionary ideas of Tylor and Morgan appears in...