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243 Abortion: supporters and enemies, 33, 37, 41, 90, 119, 132, 145, 150, 160–61 Affirmative Action: Franks’s opposition, 30–31, 33; mentioned, 21 Africa, John: disruptive neighbor and object of fatal bombing in Philadelphia, 84–85 African American interests, 9–10, 20 African American opinion, 9 African American Republicans: value to GOP, 25; mentioned 9, 19–20, 24 “Agenda for the First 100 Days”: Goode’s plan, 83–84 Ailes, Roger: Giuliani media advisor, 92 Allen, Ivan: Atlanta race reformer, 70 Americans for Democratic Action: liberal organization with CBC support, 13 “A More Perfect Union”: Obama’s address on race in America, 175 Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986: successful overturn of Reagan veto, 19 Arrington, Richard, Jr.: Birmingham’s first black mayor, 52; marginal white electoral support, 52; unfulfilled black aspirations, 52; white appeasement, 52 Atlanta: background, 42; administrations of Jackson, Young, and Campbell, 69–80; mentioned, 192 Atlanta Committee for the 1996 Olympic Games (ACOG): praise and criticism, 77–79 Index Atwater, Lee: controversial George H. W. Bush campaign staffer in 1988, 60 Austin, Richard: close loss as Detroit black mayoral candidate in 1969, 50 Axelrod, David: campaign manager for Patrick in 2006, 153; Obama’s brilliant presidential-bid strategist, 182, 195; orchestrator of Obama’s Senate bid of 2004, 157 Ayers, William: an Obama neighbor and supporter with a radical past, 177 Badillo, Herman: conductor of racist campaign on Giuliani’s behalf, 98 Baltimore: path to black leadership, 53 Baraka, Amiri (aka Imamu, LeRoi Jones): attempted connection to Gibson’s mayoral bid in Newark, 49; unfavorable assessment of black politicians, 9 Barnes, Thomas: Hatcher’s successor in Gary, 49 Bensonhurst: Brooklyn racist enclave, 87 Bilandic, Michael: Richard J. Daley’s successor and snowstorm victim, 54 Birmingham: city’s transition to integration and black-majority rule, 43, 51–52 Black Vendors Association (BVA): discrimination lawsuit against Atlanta, 78 Blackwell, Ken: black Republican’s failed Ohio gubernatorial bid, 110–11, 196 244 Index Blue-collar vote: Clinton’s claim against an Obama nomination, 172–74, 177, 179–81 Bond, Julian: critic of black elected officials , 9 Bosley, Freeman, Jr.: early mayoral problems , 100; last hour appointments, 105–6; municipal workers’ residences, 102; primary fight, 103–4; resultant victory from a white split, 100; rift with Clarence Harmon, 100–102; scandal, 102; unpopular participation in Million Man March, 102 Boycott of 1967: failed black protest, 8 Bradley, Tom: awkward bank ties, 69; background and police experience, 58–59, 63; “Bradley effect,” 68; coalition builder, 59, 69; comparison to Goode, 80; evasive centrist, 64, 67–68; failed gubernatorial attempts, 68–69; improvements in minority hiring and advancing, 65–66; Jackson’s positive eulogy, 69; non-emphasis of race, 59– 60, 64, 68; noninvolvement in ghetto issues, 64; “Rebuild Los Angeles” program , 66–67; sources of pride—Olympics , public transit, L.A.’s dominant role in Pacific Rim, 68; successful second mayoral bid, 61–63; symbolic significance, 67; unchecked police brutality and profiling, 65–66; unsuccessfully challenging Yorty in 1969, 59–60; mentioned, 3, 192 Brooke, Edward: abortion defender, 119; background and first political efforts, 114–15; CBC and other criticisms and redemption, 16, 125–26; consistent CBC supporter, 121; easy reelection in 1972, 124; 1978 election and defeat, 125; ethics problems, 125; explanation for party affiliation and dismay with current GOP critique, 121, 126; full employment bill advocate, 120; general support for Johnson’s domestic programs and EEOC, 119; Goldwater critic, 114–15; investigation of Jackson State slayings, 15–16, 124; Javits’s mentoring, 117–18, 119–20; libertarian and liberal, 119; Nixon nemesis, 118; victorious Senate race over Peabody , 115–17; positive stands on black causes and interests, 121–23; Vietnam War critic, 116, 118; wife Remigia, 115, 125; mentioned, viii, 2, 193; Brooks, Marion: beneficiary of Campbell ’s dishonesty, 79 Brown, Ron: commitment promise to Dinkins, 91 Burke, Edward M.: defender of status quo in Chicago, 56; Mayor Washington adversary, 56 Burke, Yvonne: passionate backer of Tom Bradley, 61 Burns, Clarence “Du”: temporarily a black replacement mayor in Baltimore , 53 Burris, Roland W.: losing black gubernatorial primary candidate in Illinois, 110–11 Bush, Elmo: abandoned role in East St. Louis civil rights drive, 44; loser of both white and black mayoral vote, 44; unsavory moral reputation, 44 Bush, George H. W.: campaigner for Franks, 27; race card in 1988 election, 20; support for gerrymandered districts , 5; Thomas nomination, 6 Bush, George W.: unpopularity’s effect on 2008 election, ix, 151, 189 Byrne, Jane: abandonment of blacks and its...

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