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295 Abbreviated Explanation of the Contemplation of Dharmas in the Three Levels, The (Sanjie guanfa lueshi), 59 Abbreviated Version of Dizang Ritual, An (Dizang lueyi), 164 afterlife beliefs: in Buddhist cults, 194– 195; concern with fate of family members, 110, 111–112; destinations , 182–185, 196, 201; in early China, 198–199; filial piety and, 110; in India, 199; influence of practices by living family members , 109, 111–112, 114, 171, 199; passage from hell to paradise, 101– 103, 140, 157. See also ghosts; Pure Land; rebirth; Ten Kings; underworld Âkâšagarbha, 52, 161, 162, 229, 230 Amitâbha: cult of, 181; triads, 131, 135– 142, 137, 138, 141, 179, 200. See also Pure Land Amitâyurdhyâna-sûtra. See Visualization Scripture Amoghavajra (Bukong jingang), 2, 90, 161–162 Anyue: Daoist inscription, 213; images of Dizang, 152–156, 155, 201; Wofo yuan, 64–65; Yuanjue dong, 152– 156, 155, 201 apocrypha, 82 art, Buddhist: geographical trends, 119–120. See also Dizang images; iconography of Dizang Aryakºitigarbha-sûtra, 9, 229 Ašoka, 52 Aº¡amahâbodhisattvamaÿøala-sûtra. See Scripture on the Maÿøala of the Eight Great Bodhisattvas Auspicious Records in the Dark Terrain (Mingxiang ji), 171 avadâna (genesis story) literature, 92, 108, 109, 168 Avalambana (Ullambana; Yulanpen). See Ghost Festival; hungry ghosts, feeding ceremony Avalokitešvara. See Guanyin Ba da pusa mantuluo jing. See Scripture on the Maÿøala of the Eight Great Bodhisattvas Baoding shan (Mount Summit of Treasures), Dazu, Sichuan, 165, 166, 221 Baopuzi neipian. See One Who Embraces Simplicity, Inner Chapter Beihua jing. See Scripture on the Compassionate Lotus Flower Beishan (Northern Mountain), Dazu, Sichuan: Amitâbha triads, 136– 139; Bhaiºajyaguru transformation tableau, 145, 146–150, 148; Fowan (Buddha Bend), 126, 128, 130, 131–134, 131, 132, 145, 146– 150, 148; Guanyin po (Guanyin Slope), 159, 160, 222; images of Dizang, 119, 125, 126; images of Dizang and Guanyin, 130, 131– 134, 131, 132, 133, 151–152, 152; images of Dizang and Ten Kings, 151–152, 153; Pure Land transformation tableau, 130 Bhaiºajyaguru (Yaoshi fo; Healing Buddha): association with Dizang, 142–150, 165–166; cult of, 143–144, 149–150, 200–201; images with Dizang, 142–150, 144, 145, 148, 165–166; roles related to death, 149–150; in triads, 131, 144, 145 Bhaiºajyaguru-sûtra. See Scripture on the Healing Buddha Index Bold page numbers refer to illustrations. 296 Index Biographies of the Responses Stimulated by the Great Extended Buddha Flower Adornment Scripture (Da fangguang fo huayan jing ganying zhuan), 171–172 Birnbaum, Raoul, 16, 222 bodhisattva cults, 16–20 bodhisattva monks (pusa seng), 44 bodhisattva path, 110 bodhisattvas: audience, 8, 29, 237–238; contemplating, 74–75; eight great, 9, 160–162, 166, 211, 230–231, 232–233; four great, 6; jâtaka (bensheng), 17; pairing, 128; typology, 17n48 borderlands (pratyantajanapada), 183 buddha-less world (wufo shijie), 48–49, 62–63, 71–74, 111 Buddha-Recitation Mirror (Nianfo jing), 58 Buddhist Lodge (Jushi lin), Singapore, 1–2, 5 Candragarbha-sûtra (Yuezang fen; Section on the Moon Treasury), 45, 46, 236, 237 cave temple complexes, 76, 119, 139. See also specific sites Cedzich, Ursula-Angelika, 93 Central Asia: evidence for Kºitigarbha, 9, 231–235, 238; Manichaeism, 234; scriptures, 236–237; translations of Dizang scriptures, 107– 108; transmission of Buddhism through, 12 Chang Qing, 68, 75 Changjin, 177–178, 208–209 Ch’en, Kenneth, 9, 109 Chengguan, 170 Chinese Buddhism: church-state relations, 43–48, 199; crosscultural influences, 10–13, 23, 235; cultic practices, 53, 77; entry route, 12, 41; historical records, 23–25; scholarship on, 9–10, 16– 20, 23–25, 219–220, 222; sinicization process, 6–10, 11–12, 199; in Tang period, 219–220, 222, 224 Chinp’yo, 89 Christianity, 18 Chronicles of the Flower Adornment Scripture (Huayan jing zhuanji), 169–172 Chronological Record of Famous Painters, A (Lidai minghua ji), 65 Chronological Record of the Three Jewels (Lidai sanbao ji), 84, 88, 225–226, 227–228, 236 church-state relations: in China, 43– 48, 199; in India, 43, 47; texts on, 39, 40, 41, 43–44, 45–46 clerics. See bodhisattva monks; monks Cole, Alan, 109, 207, 208 Collection of Essays by Sikong Biaosheng, A (Sikong Biaosheng wenji), 203 Complete Collection of the Investigation of Spirits Originating in the Three Teachings, The (Sanjiao yuanliu soushen daquan), 202 Confucianism: filial piety, 109, 207; social norms, 204, 207–208 Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks (Xu gaoseng zhuan), 52, 54, 76, 169 cosmology, 129. See also...

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