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Index
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Index Abe Moritarò, 62–63, 124–125, 225n. 98 Abe Nobuyuki, 203, 204 Advisory Council on Foreign Relations (Gaikò chòsakai): delegation to Paris Peace Conference, 29, 30; effects on Gaimushò, 26–27, 43; establishment, 8, 25, 125–126; members, 25–26, 27, 220n. 32; opposition to, 25, 27, 31; Twenty-One Demands, 126 agriculture, 112–113, 114–115 aite ni sezu declaration, 187–188, 189, 190–191, 192 Ajia kyoku. See Bureau of Asiatic Affairs (Tò-Akyoku) Akatsuka Shòsuke, 87, 127 Amau Eiji, 39, 175 Andong, 95, 102, 143 Anglo-American-oriented diplomats, 42, 52, 208; criticized by reformers, 207, 209; foreign ministers, 177, 179; influence, 24, 209–210; lack of attention to China policy, 6–7, 70, 79–80, 209; loss of power, 179, 210, 211; at Paris Peace Conference, 31; in postwar period, 208–209, 211–212; Shidehara as, 19, 24, 42, 210; Western dress and habits, 51. See also Kasumigaseki diplomacy Aoki Shûzò, 16, 167, 252n. 23 Arita Hachirò: as advisor to Ugaki, 190; career, 39, 70; China service, 70; as foreign minister, 162, 174–175, 203; at Paris Peace Conference, 33–34, 36; as prime minister, 202; reformers of 1930s and, 174–175, 227n. 26; as reform leader (1919), 33–34, 36, 37, 42 Ariyoshi Akira, 71, 72–75, 76, 179, 186, 210 army, Japanese: brutality in China, 188; China experts, 173–174, 252–253n. 41, 255n. 79; control of Kò-Ain field offices, 202; creation of Kò-Ain, 195, 200, 201; Imperial Way faction, 180; Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 180, 181–185; meetings with Gaimushò on China policy, 163, 183, 187, 255n. 79; objectives in Manchuria, 123–124; occupation of Manchuria, 23, 112, 118, 123–124, 130; Rape of Nanjing, 188, 257n. 101; Siberian Intervention, 26, 32, 34. See also Kantò (Kwantung) army; military, Japanese Ashida Hitoshi, 33, 186, 212, 250n. 4 Asia Development Board. See Kò-Ain Association of Japanese Spinners in China, 127 Axis diplomacy (sûjiku gaikò), 7, 161, 203, 207, 208–209. See also “Imperial Way” diplomacy Baba Akira, 195, 196, 200, 201 Banno Junji, 24 Beasley, William G., 125 Beijing tariff conferences, 55, 69, 72 Bethlehem Steel, 63 Bodley, R. C. V., 152–153 Bòekishò (Trade Ministry), 8–9, 164 Boyle, John Hunter, 190, 193 Britain: ambassador to China, 46, 63; China Service, 46, 100, 104, 173, 218n. 27; as colonial power, 40; Diplomatic Service, 46; economic interests in China, 63; Foreign Office, 45–46; merchants in Manchuria , 119; policy on extraterritoriality , 85; reaction to war in China, 188; relations with Japan, 23, 205. See also Anglo-American-oriented diplomats; Paris Peace Conference; Western powers British American Tobacco Company, 119 Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. 282 Index bunsòteki bubi (military preparedness in civil garb), 123–124 bureaucracy: changes in 1930s and 1940s, 3; characteristics, 60–61; gakubatsu (school cliques), 48; management in crisis periods, 162; relationship with military, 162; role in Japanese politics, 2–3, 15–16. See also reform bureaucrats of 1930s (kakushin kanryò) Bureau of Asiatic Affairs (Tò-Akyoku): China service diplomats in, 9; criticism from reform bureaucrats, 9, 162, 171, 172–174; damage claims from war in China, 188, 204; disbanding , 189, 202; efforts to prevent war in China, 189; importance in China affairs, 21, 162–163; importance of bureau head, 172; Manchukuo affairs section, 252n. 37; proposal to strengthen, 199; reaction to Manchurian Incident, 171– 172; reform bureaucrats in charge of, 201, 203, 204–205; relations with other parts of bureaucracy, 162–163; Three Officials’ meetings, 163, 183, 187, 255n. 79; view of Gaimushò role in Manchukuo, 155. See also Ishii Itarò, as Bureau of Asiatic Affairs head Bureau of Manchurian Affairs (Tai-Man jimukyoku), 156, 164 Chaina saabisu. See China service chancellors (shokisei), 52, 56, 57 Changchun, 84, 114, 144 Chen, Ching-chih, 95 Chengdu Incident, 99–100 Chiang Kai-shek. See Jiang Jieshi China: anti-Japanese sentiment, 67, 74– 77, 91–92; delegation to Paris Peace Conference, 28, 35, 40, 82; diplomats, 47; Japanese students in, 60; May Fourth movement, 62; mission to Japan, 47; nationalism, 62, 66, 69; propaganda campaign against Twenty-One Demands, 34; Qing government, 47, 94, 124; reformers, 64; revolution (1911), 74; rights recovery movement, 85, 87, 98, 99, 130; treaty port system, 5, 79, 81–82, 100–101. See also extraterritorial rights; Japanese affairs in China; Nationalist Chinese government China Affairs Board. See Kò-Ain (Asia Development Board) China experts: in army, 173–174, 252– 253n. 41, 255n. 79; in Gaimushò, 53...