Education Fever

Index

299 Index absenteeism, 252 academic year: debate over, 71–72 Academy of Korean Studies, 222 access to education, 19–20, 24–26, 31, 72, 73, 97, 122, 242, 254 adult education, 45, 47, 90–93 Adult Education Boards, 47 American Education Missions, 41. See also Third American Education Mission American–Soviet Joint Commision, 41 An Ho-sang, 54–57, 59, 61, 70, 72, 195, 196 Apkujông-dong district, 158, 189 Arndt Mission, 41–42 Article, 16, 75 Association to Purge Impure Teachers, 195. See also teachers, purges of “backward standardization,” 150 Barnes, Elaine, 97 Basic Education Law, 60, 69, 70, 76, 97, 180, 211, 216; debate over, 34, 60–73 birthrate: effect on enrollment, 90 “brain drain,” 132 Brain Korea, 21, 237–238, 239 Brandt, Vincent, 102 Britain, college enrollment compared to, 181 Buddhism, 1, 170, 179–180, 211 businesses: involvement in education, 126– 127, 190–191, 239 Central Education Research Institute, 113, 119, 125, 146, 184 centralization of education: debate over, 66– 69, 211, 216. See also school boards chaebôl. See businesses chaedan (school foundations), 47, 176–181, 211, 216. See also private schools chaesusaeng (exam repeaters), 152, 162 Chamint’u Student Organization, 226 Chang Myôn, 116, 118, 119, 135, 218 chapkwa (miscellaneous exams), 13 Chemulp’o Middle/High School, 144 Children’s Day, 208 chima baram (skirt wind), 246 China, 9, 32, 33, 47, 197; in¶uence on Korean education, 9–10 Chônbuk Middle/High School, 144 ch’ônji (money envelopes), 174–175, 188 Chônju Middle/High School, 144 Chôn’kyojo, 164, 229, 241 Chônp’yông, 43 Chônsi Yônhap Taehak, 106–107 Chosôn kyoyuk, 54 Chosôn Kyoyuk Yôn’guhoe (Korea Education Research Society), 51, 54–57 Chosôn period. See Yi dynasty Cho Yông-sik, 138, 178 Christianity. See religious schools Chu Ki-yong, 52 300 index Chun Doo Hwan (Chôn Tu-hwan), 129, 139, 158, 162, 218, 221, 225, 226 Chunggang University, 178 Citizen’s Total Mobilization League, 27 civic mindedness, 169, 275n.101 civic schools, 91, 93, 98 civil organizations, 239; growth of , 255 civil service examinations, 10–11, 13 class bonds: as a feature of education, 30. See also hagyôn classrooms: destruction in Korean War, 105; overcrowding and shortage, 88–90, 95, 182, 235–236; size, 90, 235; under Japanese rule, 29 coeducation, 95–96, 246–247 College Entrance Achievement Test, 171 Communism, 55–56; anti-Communist education , 109, 195–196, 204, 208, 215, 222, 233; in¶uence among students, 194. See also ideological training compulsory education, 48, 162. See also universal primary education Confucianism, 9–10, 18; critiscisms of, 51, 53; disdainformanuallabor,111;in¶uenceon education, 6, 58, 59, 101, 102, 111, 250; persistance of Confucian values, 251–252 contract renewal system, 214–215 costs of education. See educational expenditures Council for Long-Term Education Planning, 130 Council of School Equalization, 156 cram schools. See hagwôn creativity, 234, 243 “culture policy,” 22 curriculum: American in¶uence on, 113–114; creation of national curriculum, 113–115; early modern, 14, 18; reform of, 232–233, 236, 241–242; shift from uniform curriculum , 241–242; under Japanese, 20–22, 26– 27, 30. See also textbooks Curriculum 2000, 242 Curriculum Study Council, 113 Declaration of Educational Democratization, 229 democracy, 36, 40, 50; democratization of education , 36, 40, 44, 49–50, 66, 219–221, 229, 230–235,255;educationandthedemocratization of society, 36, 40, 46, 66, 224, 255 Department of Education, 38, 39, 47, 180 developmental state, 117–118, 272n.81 Dewey, John, 36, 52 double-shift classes, 76, 89, 153 drop-out rate, 79, 146, 252, 254 table 15 economic development, 3, 5; coordinating education with, 5, 110–120, 131–132; economic poverty, 120, 270n.22; growth rate, 117, 119; role of education in economic development , 3–4, 224. See also vocational and technical education Economic Planning Board (EPB), 119, 124, 128, 131, 153, 158, 182 education: administration of, 28–29, 211–212, 231–232, 244; attitudes toward, 97–101, 104, 108, 248–251, 256; as a business, 135, 271n.67; comparison with other countries, 2–3, 25, 181, 189, 225, 239, 249, 252, 253 table 13, 254, 257n.2, n.4, 285n.68; during colonial period, 18–32; ¤nance of, 31, 39– 40, 173–191; premodern, 9–14; summary of problems, 252, 254–255 Educational Autonomy Committee, 217 EducationalEnvironmentImprovementPlan 1996–2000, 235 educational expenditures, 5, 172–191; comparisons with Japan, 172, 189; as percentage of family income, 189, 277n.53; private...