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xi Abbreiations and Conentions Ch. Chinese HPC Han’gukPulgyochŏnsŏ IBK IndogakuBukkyōgakukenkyū Jpn. Japanese Kor. Korean K Koryŏtaejanggyŏng Skt. Sanskrit SYKY Samgukyusakyogamyŏn’gu T Taishōshinshūdaizōkyō X Xuzangjing Citations from the Taishōshinshūdaizōkyō (Taishō edition of the Buddhist canon) are listed in the following manner: title (with Sanskrit title, if relevant , in parentheses) and roll number; Taishō serial number; Taishō volume number; page number, register (a, b, or c), and if applicable, line number(s)—e.g.,DaTangxiyuji 9, T 2087, 51.946c4–5. Citations from the Han’gukPulgyochŏnsŏ (Complete works of Korean Buddhism), Koryŏtaejanggyŏng (Korean Buddhist canon), and Xuzangjing (Hong Kong reprint of TheKyotoSupplementtotheCanon) are listed as follows : title and roll number, volume number; page number, register (a, b, c, or d), and if applicable, line number(s)—e.g., Taehwaŏmsujwawŏnt’ong yangjungtaesaKyunyŏchŏnpyŏngsŏ 1, K 47.259c4–5. Citations from traditional East Asian historical or literary works are listed in the following manner: title of the work and roll or chapter number : page, and if applicable, register (a or b), and/or line number(s)— e.g., Weishu 60:1421. Citations to the Samgukyusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) will be executed in the following manner. Since this is a primary source with several standard editions, I will cite the Taishō edition and the new xii Abbreiations and Conentions critical edition by Ha Chŏngnyong and Yi Kŭnjik—e.g., Samgukyusa 5, T 2039, 49.1010c–1011a; SYKY 5:380–384. Transliterations of Asian languages follow the romanization systems commonly used in the scholarly community: Pinyin for Chinese, revised Hepburn for Japanese, and McCune-Reischauer for Korean. All Buddhist terminology that appears in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary I regard as English and leave unitalicized. This includes such technical terms as dhāraṇī, stūpa, and tathāgatagarbha. For a convenient listing of a hundred such words, see Roger Jackson, “Terms of Sanskrit and Pali Origin Acceptable as English Words.” In rendering Buddhist technical terms, where the Chinese is a translation I translate; where it is a transcription, I transcribe. East Asian personal names appear with family names first. Characters are not given in the text; please consult the glossary or bibliography. Titles of books originally composed in East Asian languages or Buddhist books referred to in Chinese translation will be discussed in running text using standard English translations (e.g., Lotus Sūtra), English translations of my own making, or the accepted Sanskrit titles (e.g., Avataṃsaka Sūtra). Reconstructed Sanskrit names and titles will be placed in parentheses and indicated by an asterisk before the title (e.g., Skt. *RaśmivimalaviśuddhaprabhāDhāraṇī). A transliteration of the title’s characters will be given the first time the title appears . For the English translations of official titles I have followed those given in Charles O. Hucker’s DictionaryofOfficialTitlesinImperialChina for the Northern dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Silla. For Silla titles not found in Hucker I have developed my own translations based on his model. Following the advice of Robert Buswell, I have generated some of my own English translations of official Buddhist titles for the Northern Chinese dynasties and Silla (e.g., Buddhist Overseer [Ch. datong or tong, Kor. sŭngt’ong or kukt’ong]). Aristocratic rank titles found in ancient Korean and Japanese society have usually been transliterated only because of the difficulty in assigning concise English meanings to these terms. English translations of historical and hagiographical narratives, Buddhist exegeses, and epigraphy, which are presented in the body of the book or in the appendices, are all my own and have been translated from the original literary Chinese and literary Sino-Korean (Ch. hanwen, Kor. hanmun), unless stated otherwise in an accompanying footnote. For the sake of convenience, the Sinitic logographs comprising Korean and Japanese proper nouns that appear in traditional Chinese sources and Chinese proper nouns that appear in traditional Korean and Japanese sources will be transliterated according to the pronunciation of the individual or institution’s original ethnic origin. Other words, compounds, phrases, or sentences singled out for discussion or for comparative purposes will be transliterated according to the original language of the [3.142.135.86] Project...

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