Death and the Afterlife in Japanese Buddhism:

Index

Index Bold page numbers refer to illustrations. abortions, 176, 190, 196, 197, 223 Acalanātha. See Fudō Myōō Adams, Alice, 190 afterlife: Buddhist ethicizing of, 4–5; Buddhist incorporation of other traditions, 5, 269; contemporary views, 305–306, 318–319, 336–337; continuance of personal identity, 274, 334; Daoist concepts, 5; entrusting to Buddhism, 4–6; popular concepts, 229–230; pre-Buddhist Japanese concepts, 3–4, 340; Sōtō Zen concepts, 210, 213–214, 272. See also intermediate existence; ōjō; rebirth; soul; spirits Akamatsu Toshihide, 158 Akitsuki Ryūmin, 334–335 Aks ˙ obhya, 28 Aks ˙ obhya-tathāgatasya-vyūha (Ch. Achu foguo jing), 28 altars, family, 233, 299, 306, 342 Amida (Amitābha; Amitāyus): escorting dead to Pure Land, 7, 27, 74; in esoteric deathbed ritual, 69, 70; images, 40, 49, 51, 52, 65; ‘‘other power,’’ 82; power of vow, 258, 338; in raigō scenes, 27; ten reflections on, 63–64. See also nenbutsu; Pure Land of Utmost Bliss; raigō Amitābha (Amitāyus). See Amida Amituo jing. See Sukhāvatı¯vyūha-sūtra, smaller anātman (anatta, Jpn. muga, not-self, so-soul) doctrine, 18, 274, 328–329, 334, 337, 344–345 ancestors (senzo): decline in contemporary veneration, 311; ie system, 250; indebtedness to, 124; popular concepts, 229–230, 250; reverence for, 15, 340; transforming dead into, 14, 210, 212, 229, 233, 274 Ankokuin Nichikō, 88 Anle ji (Collection of passages on the Land of Peace and Bliss, Daochuo), 31 antarābhava. See intermediate existence Appadurai, Arjun, 124 Arai Ken, 329 Arai, Paula, 297–298 Arai Yūsei, 254 Ariès, Philippe, 1, 2 aristocracy: burial practices, 115, 249; cremations, 249; deathbed rituals, 67, 83, 84–85; pre-Buddhist mortuary rituals, 3–4; relics and mortuary ritual, 113, 118, 249; relic veneration, 105, 107–108 Ashikaga Bakufu, 122–123, 125, 137 Ashikaga Yoshiakira, 123 Ashikaga Yoshihisa, 161 Ashō-bō Inzei, 84 Aśoka, King, 10, 103, 104, 108, 119, 120, 124, 125 Association for the Promotion of Freedom in Funerals (Sōsō no Jiyū o Susumeru Kai), 342 Atkinson, J. M., 142 ātman (soul), 274. See also anātman attachment: to children, 193, 196; thoughts at time of death, 73 Avalokiteśvara. See Kannon Azuma kagami (Mirror of the East), 83– 84 Bakufu (shogunate): Ashikaga, 122–123, 125, 137; conflict with Honganji, 161–162; declining authority, 158; Kamakura, 119–122, 125; relic veneration, 119–123, 124–125 Beheld with Joy by All Living Beings, Bodhisattva, 104, 144 Benchō (Ben’a). See Shōkō Bhagavadharma, 145 365 Bifukumon’in, 114, 115; memorial rites for, 117–119 bikuni, 181, 182–183, 184, 197, 220. See also nuns Bloch, Maurice, 9 blood. See menstrual pollution Blood-bowl Sūtra (Ketsubonkyō): copying, 181, 184, 185, 209, 223, 225; men’s use of, 243n64; narrative content, 176– 177; placed in coffins or graves, 209, 223, 227, 243n64; ritual functions, 180–181, 223, 225–227, 243n63; salvation from Blood Pool Hell with, 15, 181, 185, 220–221, 223; Sōtō Zen sect and, 207–210, 220–223, 225–227, 243n63; use as talisman, 180, 181, 185, 195, 209, 221, 222, 225, 227; use in funerals and memorial services for women, 178–179, 180–181, 207–210 Blood Pool Hell: causes for birth in, 185; cult of, 15, 175, 176–178, 181, 183– 186, 195, 220–223, 227; descriptions, 176–177, 208; as destination for all women, 15, 210, 221–222; as destination for women who die in childbirth, 177, 179–180, 185–186, 196; illustrated preaching, 181, 183– 184, 197; salvation from, 184, 185– 186, 207–210, 220; tales of, 177, 182– 183 Blum, Mark L., 339, 340 bodhisattvas, 7, 102, 104; kami as, 5; prior lives of Śākyamuni, 105–106, 142 bodies: disgust, 145; nonattachment to, 145; self-sacrifice, 104, 105, 124, 142, 146, 147; of women, 176, 187–188, 196–197. See also corpses Bodiford, William M., 14, 215, 216, 237n13 Brown, Jonathan Todd, 86 buddhahood. See enlightenment; liberation; ōjō buddha images: enshrined at deathbed, 62, 73–74; holding cords or threads connected to hands of, 41–43, 44, 62– 63, 65, 66–67, 71, 74 buddha relics. See relic worship Buddhism: corruption theory (daraku setsu), 294; criticism of contemporary, 293–298, 326; dominance over death rites, 1, 3–6, 90, 247, 278–279, 325–326; formalization, 294, 295; funeral, 1–2, 247, 296, 327, 328; incorporation of other traditions, 5–6, 275, 331–332, 340; worldly benefits practices...