vi Rainfall, Crops, and Livestock 9 Mountains, Rivers, and Deserts 10 Geographical Distribution of Spoken Languages and Dialects in China 21 Linking East and West, ca. A.D. 200 30 China’s Changing Boundaries 31 The Mongol Empire at the Time of Marco Polo’s Visit 62 The Main Silk Routes, ca. First Century A.D. 68 The Voyages of Zheng He 70 China during the Qing Dynasty, ca. 1775 79 Foreign Spheres of Influence in China, 1911 115 Areas of Taiping Control 132 Warlord Division of China 173 Long March, 1934–1935 178 The Japanese Occupation of Asia, 1942 181 The Communist Takeover of China 184 China’s Minority Peoples 235 Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan 245 Development of Chinese Characters 23 Chronology of Mongol Conquests 62 Major Treaties Signed Between China and Foreign Powers, 1842–1901 112 Population Growth in China, 1741–1850 125 Choosing Mates in Chengdu, 1922–1987 227 China’s Population, 1950–1990 232 Urban and Rural Fertility Rates 234 Maps Tables and Graphs ...