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Abu-Lughod, Lila, 17, 291 advance contracts, 120, 174, 175, 181 advocacy: critique of, 11–13, 147, 271–273 agricultural knowledge and practices: of planters, 38, 49, 63–64, 83, 112, 127, 131, 153, 205, 213, 239, 244, 245, 248, 267, 268, 286n. 15 agsa, 38, 278n. 10. See also tenancy Aguilar, Filomeno V., 33, 36–42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 57, 68, 277nn. 1, 4, 6, 7, 278nn. 9, 10, 11, 12, 286n. 15, 290n. 10, 291 Akerlof, George, 275n. 5, 291 Alonso, Nicolas, 142, 284n. 6 Altman, J. C., 4, 295 “American” planter, 202, 243–250 amo, 24, 204, 208, 210 Anderson, Benedict, 26, 291 Angeles-Forster, Nora, 26, 291 anthropology, 4–5, 6, 16, 31, 189, 230, 252, 253, 272, 273. See also advocacy; ethnographic methods; reflexivity anti-national accusation, 149, 154, 170, 174, 176, 184, 188, 197, 215, 216, 217, 228, 256 apriorism, 145, 203, 225, 226, 240, 269, 271 Aquino, Corazon C. “Cory,” 2, 78, 82, 114, 148, 151, 152, 204, 214, 280n. 25, 282n. 10, 285n. 8, 287n. 8 Araneta family, 52, 251, 253, 280n. 21; Amading, 253; Juan, 40 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, 157, 168, 190 Asad, Talal, 17, 291 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Countries), 99, 163, 173, 175 Asian culture: and capitalism, 18, 275n. 3 aspartame, 29, 262 A-sugar, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 112–113 Attwood, Donald W., 285n. 11, 291 Australia: milk production, 173; sugar policies, 29, 91; sugar production and trade, 44, 60–61, 64, 94, 99, 124, 166, 177, 180, 181, 199, 281nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 281n. 7, 283n. 16 babaylanismo, 41, 278n. 12 Bacolod (city), 2, 76, 109, 152, 159, 185, 190, 191, 192, 244, 262; early history, 34; Estrada visit to, 257–258; papal visit to, 58 bagasse, 119, 124, 125, 133, 134, 135, 266, 285n. 12 Banfield, Edward C., 23–24, 291 bank centrals, 48, 49, 279n. 17 banking and finance, 78–82, 86–87, 130, 145, 221, 242, 258, 260, 261, 262; culture of, 252. See also credit and moneylending; crop loans Barth, Fredrik, 17, 291 Baru, Sanjaya, 285n. 11, 291 Basic Christian Communities, 58 Batangas (province), 71, 72 Bates, Robert H., 218, 275n. 5, 283n. 1, 291–292 Baviskar, B. S., 285n. 11, 292 beer, 174, 284n. 7 beet sugar, 97, 283nn. 15, 17; lobbying of, 97; power of, 46, 50, 55–56; rise of, 40, 44, 99 Benedicto, Roberto S. “rsb,” 56, 57, 58, 68, 83, 155, 218, 227, 246, 247, 280nn. 24, 25. See also Marcos, Ferdinand; restitution Berger, Peter L., 6, 275n. 3, 276n. 9 Berlow, Alan, 58, 237, 275n. 1, 280n. 26, 292 Index 305 beverage companies, 26, 70, 116, 120, 123, 156, 158, 167, 169, 172, 174–177, 199, 267, 284n. 7 Bhagwati, Jagdish, 194, 292 Bicol (region), 54, 72 bi-culturalism, 30–31, 177, 201, 202, 243–250 “Big Five” traders, 108–109, 132, 227, 239, 284n. 5, 286n. 13 Biggart, Nicole W., 275n. 3, 292 Billig, Michael S., 6, 12, 17, 27, 52, 83, 101, 191, 243, 277n. 1, 292; author’s involvement, 140–142, 147, 155, 165, 189–194, 244, 247, 249, 271–272, 273 Binalbagan-Isabela Planters’ Association (bipa), 237, 238 Birdzell, L. E., 9, 300 biscom (Binalbagan-Isabela Sugar Company ), 105, 136, 141, 237, 289n. 4 Board of Investment (boi), 70–71, 87, 133, 170, 171, 183, 214 bodegas, 55, 56, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112, 114–115, 117, 118, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 134, 137, 138, 139, 220, 223 boilers (mills), 119, 127, 129, 133, 266 bonded warehouses, 151–152, 159, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 177, 179, 182, 183, 198 boycott threats, 135, 136, 138, 150, 152, 155, 158, 173, 176, 179 Brazil, 92, 94, 99, 119, 199, 263, 264, 281nn. 1, 5, 283n. 16 Brown, James G., 154, 261, 263, 281n. 1, 293 B-sugar, 103–104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 167, 177, 180, 182; B1–sugar, 104, 110 bunker oil, 134, 285n. 12 Bureau of Internal Revenue (bir), 80, 123, 130, 183. See also taxation busco (Bukidnon Sugar Company), 108, 132, 178, 179, 183, 239 cabo, 38, 205 cafgus (Citizens’ Armed Forces Geographical Units), 115, 204 Cagayan (province), 54, 71, 72 Cagayan de Oro (province), 177 Camarines Sur (province), 71, 72 Canada, 91, 93, 96, 281n. 5 cane purchase experiment, 132–142, 144, 147, 267 cane purchase system, 46, 106–107, 120, 123, 124, 125–132, 144, 145, 146, 147, 223, 231, 281n. 7, 286n. 16 Canlaon (town and volcano...

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