Remote Homeland, Recovered Borderland: Manchus, Manchoukuo, and Manchuria, 1907-1985

Abbreviations [Includes Map Plates]

xi Abbreviations BSYQ Baqi dutong yamen quanzong BZND Beiyang zhengfu neiwubu dang CASS China Academy of Social Sciences DSSZL Dongsansheng zhenglue FJDSC Fengxi junfa dang’an shiliao congbian FQD Fengtian qiwu chu dang FSGD Fengtian Shengzhang gongshu dang HZG Heilongjiang zhigao LMSTHW Liaoning sheng Manzu shi gao shencha taolun hui huiyi wenjian MSLD Manzu shehui lishi diaocha MSLDZ Manzu shehui lishi diaocha ziliao NRD Neizhengbu renkouju dang’an QCSD Qianlong chao shangyu dang QDSC Qingdai dang’an shiliao congbian QGWD Qingdai guben waijiao dang’an QHS Qing Huidian shili QSCH Qingmo shishi caixin huixuan QSG Qing Shigao QSKQS Qinding Siku quanshu QSL Qing Shilu QXCZRJS Qing Xuantong chao Zhong-Ri jiaoshe shiliao RSGD Rehe sheng gongshu dang SJSB Shengjing shibao SS Scripta Sinica TTZ Tuigeng tang zhengshu WMZG Wei Manzhouguo zhengfu gongbao XGXSH Xinhai geming xijian shiliao huibian XGZLDS Xinhai geming zai liaoning dang’an shiliao XXGD Xingjing xian gongshu dang ZDFD Zhengxu Daqing fagui daquan ZSMGJ Zhongguo shaoshu minzu guji jicheng A Note on Dates of Qing Documents In addition to giving dates converted to the Western calendar, for the convenience of readers who need to use the traditional Chinese dating xii | Abbreviations system to trace referred Qing documents, the Chinese lunar calendar dates are also given, with reign title given in initials followed by the year, month, and day. For example, QL 19.9.14 means the fourteenth day of the ninth month of the nineteenth year of the Qianlong reign (October 29, 1754). The initials of the Qing emperors and their reign years are listed below: SZ Shunzhi (1644–1661) KX Kangxi (1662–1722) YZ Yongzheng (1723–1735) QL Qianlong (1736–1795) JQ Jiaqing (1796–1820) DG Daoguang (1821–1850) XF Xianfeng (1851–1861) TZ Tongzhi (1862–1874) GX Guangxu (1875–1908) XT Xuantong (1909–1911) The Qing Empire, ca. 1800 Manchuria in 1908 Manchoukuo in the Empire of Japan The Republic of China (1945) Ethnic Autonomous Regions of the People’s Republic of China ...