Beyond Broadband Access: Developing Data-Based Information Policy Strategies

NOTES

229 introduction: numbers that matter Richard D. Taylor and Amit M. Schejter 1. Mike Peters, “Obama Views Broadband as Key to Economic Recovery,” Broadbandinfo.com (December 16, 2008), http://www.broadbandinfo.com/ news-archives/2008/obama-views-broadband-as-key-to-economic-recovery.html. 2. D. Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (New York: Basic Books, 1976). 1. beyond broadband access: what do we need to measure, and how do we measure it? Catherine A. Middleton 1. European Commission, “EU Guidelines on Public Funding of Broadband Networks in Member States—FAQs,” http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/28328. 2. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries (Paris: OECD, 2008); OECD Directorate for Science Technology and Industry, OECD Policy Guidance on Convergence and Next Generation Networks (Seoul: OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Future of the Internet Economy, 2008). 3. It is acknowledged that there are broader goals for broadband investment, goals that involve engagement with government and industry as well as individuals . The overall impact of broadband investment on an economy is not measured just by considering individual uptake and use. While the focus of this chapter is on the relationship between individual broadband adoption and NOTES 230 notes to pages 9– 12 societal benefits, this is just one piece of a much larger puzzle about how benefits are realized from investment in broadband technologies. 4. Paschal Preston and Anthony Cawley, “Broadband Development in the European Union to 2012—A Virtuous Circle Scenario,” Futures 40 (2008): 813. 5. Statistics Canada, “Canadian Internet Use Survey, 2009,” http://www .statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100510/dq100510a-eng.htm. 6. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Communications Monitoring Report (Ottawa: Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, 2009). 7. Australian Bureau of Statistics, “Internet Activity, Australia, December 2009—Internet Subscribers by Access Connection, for ISPs with More Than 1,000 Active Subscribers,” http://tinyurl.com/abs-internet-activity. 8. Government of Australia, “21st Century Broadband,” http://www.dbcde .gov.au/__data/assets/word_doc/0017/112454/National_Broadband_Network_ policy_brochure.doc. 9. These data are available online at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/ page/portal/information_society/data/main_tables. Numbers reported here are for the EU15 countries. These countries report higher broadband penetration and higher usage rates than the EU25 or EU27 countries. 10. Council of the European Union, Council Resolution on the Implementation of the eEurope 2005 Action Plan (Brussels: European Union, 2005), 16. 11. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Broadband Penetration, Historical Broadband Penetration Rates (December 2009),” http:// www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/12/39574779.xls. 12. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Percentage of Fibre Connections in Total Broadband among Countries Reporting Fibre Subscribers, December 2009,” http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/58/ 39574845.xls. 13. OECD Directorate for Science Technology and Industry, Developments in Fibre Technologies and Investment (Paris: OECD Working Party on Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy, 2008). 14. Federal Communications Commission, Broadband Performance—OBI TechnicalPaperNo.4(Washington,DC:FederalCommunicationsCommission, 2010). 15. Epitiro, Australia Internet Performance Index—Summary Findings 2008 (Q4) (Sydney: Epitiro, 2009). 16. Ofcom, UK Fixed Broadband Speeds, November/December 2010—The Performance of Fixed-Line Broadband Delivered to UK Residential Consumers (London: Ofcom, 2011). 17. Caps are very common in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Iceland, and New Zealand. For data on monthly download caps and pricing for additional usage, see OECD, “Average Monthly Bit/Data Cap Size and Price Per Additional Mb, by Country, October 2009,” http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/46/39575020.xls. 231 n ote s to page s 12–15 18. A discussion of network neutrality is beyond the scope of this chapter. See the collection by Thomas M. Lenard and Randolph J. May, Net Neutrality or Net Neutering: Should Broadband Internet Services Be Regulated (New York: Springer, 2006) and the International Journal of Communication’s Net Neutrality issue (2007) for discussion of the key issues. 19. For a discussion of “user-generated content,” see OECD Directorate for Science Technology and Industry, Participative Web: User-Created Content (Paris: OECD, 2007). 20. ADSL refers to asymmetrical DSL (digital subscriber line) service, for instance. 21. Broadband Stakeholder Group, Predicting UK Future Residential Bandwidth Requirements (Cambridge: Broadband Stakeholder Group, 2006); California Broadband Task Force, The State of Connectivity—Building Innovation through Broadband (State of California, 2008); Communications Workers of America, Speed Matters: Affordable High-Speed Internet for All (Washington, DC...