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303 index abstraction, 139, 269n5 accidents: absolute, 87–88; accidental beings, 96; Aristotle on, 5, 84–87, 88, 208; causation and, 90–91, 92, 264n29; change and, 89–90; directedness of, 97–98; epistemological aspects of, 95–99; Eucharist and, 88, 97; John Duns Scotus on, 84–99; metaphysical aspects of, 88–95, 97; multiplicity of, 93–94, 265n40, 265n49; overview, 5, 84–85, 87–88, 97–99, 262n1, 262n3; perfection and, 90–91; Porphyry on, 86–87; in Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle, 5, 84–85, 87–99; relational accidents, 87; simplicity of, 89–90; subject and, 88–93, 95–99, 266n55; substance and, 84, 87, 88–92, 96–99, 264n14, 266nn54–55; unity as accidental, 113–14; unity of, 89, 91, 92; unity of subject and, 92–93; universals and, 84 Adam Wodeham, 284n50, 286n65, 287n66 Adams, Marilyn McCord, 168, 263n12, 264n16, 265n30, 265n42, 266n49, 280n4, 281n20, 281nn19–20, 286n65 Aegidius of Feno, 150–51, 276n45 Albert of Saxony, 288n8, 289n21 Alessio, Franco, 291n5 Alexander of Aphrodisias, 267n2, 267n8; Avicenna and, 105, 109, 110, 112, 117–18, 123; tokens and, 103–5; on universality, 103–5, 108–10, 112 Al-Ghazâlî (Algazel), 231, 295n44 analogy: analogia, 231; of being, 238; concepts and, 223, 231, 237, 238; ens and, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237; equivocals and, 232–36; equivocation and, 7, 223, 229–30, 234–35; esse and, 231–32, 233; Greek sense of, 229; imposition and, 231, 234; intention and, 231–32; John Duns Scotus on, 7, 234, 236–48; language and, 223, 231, 236–37; metaphor and, 7, 223, 227, 229–30; metaphysical, 223; overview, 231–36; ratio and, 232–36; semantic, 223–31; signification of, 242, 245–47; terms, 223, 231, 233; Thomas Aquinas on, 231–33; univocals and, 232–36; univocation and, 234; utterances, 238–42, 245–47; Walter Burley on, 235; of words, 236–38 Andrews, Robert, 298n64 anti-razor, 290n3; causation relations and, 208, 290n4; iterated analysis rule and, 211–15; overview, 207–11; in Walter Chatton’s metaphysics, 207–15 aptitudinal being: actual being and, 66; Dietrich von Freiberg on, 49, 66, 258nn41–42; form and, 66; potential being and, 49, 66; privation and form and, 66, 258nn41–42 Aquinas, Thomas. See Thomas Aquinas 304 index Aristotle, 2, 3, 11, 13, 21, 33, 35, 36, 51, 66, 77, 80, 92, 147, 150, 158, 209, 227, 247, 249n2, 250n10–11, 251n38, 251n40, 254n11, 257n39, 258n42, 261n70, 261nn62–63, 262n4, 263n5, 265n21, 268n13, 269n7, 270n19, 273n31, 274nn36–37, 284n51, 287n1, 288n7, 289n18, 292n8, 294n29, 295n43; on accidents, 5, 84–87, 88, 208; Categories of, 7, 85, 86, 228–30, 232, 235, 236, 238–41, 246; De Anima of, 138–41, 143, 145, 146, 149, 154, 273n30; on equivocation, 228, 229, 230, 231; on intellectual cognition, 146; logic of, 6, 188–94, 196, 198, 202; metaphysics of, 223–24; Metaphysics of, 5, 24–25, 85–87, 138, 139, 140, 230–31, 243, 245; Nicomachean Ethics of, 138; Physics of, 138–41, 236; Sophistical Refutations of, 230, 234, 235, 237, 241–48; on soul, 273n30; on spoken, written and mental terms, 141; Topics of, 85–86, 87; on universal cognition, 143; on universals, 112, 142, 271n17 Ashworth, E. Jennifer, 7, 286n64, 291n1, 291n3, 292n8, 294n26, 294nn29–30, 295n38, 296nn47–49, 297n58, 298n62, 298n65 Aubenque, Pierre, 291n1 Augustine, 2, 88, 263n10 Averroes, 3, 11, 14, 77, 229, 231, 261n64, 294n31, 296n46; unity of science of metaphysics and, 24–25; on universal cognition, 143 Avicenna, 3, 11, 231, 266–67, 267nn3–5, 268nn12–13, 268nn15–16, 296n45; Alexander of Aphrodisias and, 105, 109, 110, 112, 117–18, 123; on essence, 117–24, 267n9; on genus, 114–17, 119–20; idealism and, 108–9; on individual rational animals, 115–16, 117; Logica of, 115–16, 119–20; on ontology of types and tokens, 103–36, 267n6; overview, 5; Prima Philosophia of, 116, 122–24; on rational animals, 115–16, 117; on species, 114–17; on tokens as enmattered types, 105–8; on universality, 110–17 Avicenna Latinus, 266–67 Barnes, Jonathan, 262n4, 263n5 being, 208, 209; accidental beings, 96; actual, 66; analogy of, 238; conditions for arrangement under genus, 49, 68–72, 258n49, 258n52; Dietrich von Freiberg on, 67–70, 258n54; ens form of, 225, 231, 234; esse form of, 225; generation stages and, 67; God and, 225; incomplete beings, 70–71; metaphysics subject as concept of, 12; potential, 49, 66; principles of, 70; ratio of, 68–69; unity and, 89. See also aptitudinal being belief: objects...