Miracle on High Street: The Rise, Fall and Resurrection of St. Benedict's Prep in Newark, N.J.

Notes

Notes Introduction: Downtown Monks and the Miracle on High Street 1. On Boniface Wimmer and the founding of the Benedictine Order in the United States, see Jerome Oetgen, An American Abbot: Boniface Wimmer, O.S.B., 1809–1887, rev. ed. (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press, 2004), 80, 108; and Joel Rippinger, The Benedictine Order in the United States: An Interpretive History (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1990). 2. For a discussion of the ‘‘urban crisis’’ and Roman Catholics, see Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Detroit (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996); John T. McGreevy, Parish Boundaries: The Catholic Encounter with Race in the Twentieth-Century Urban North (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996); and Gerald Gamm, Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). 3. Frederick T. Smith, ‘‘Miracle on High Street,’’ New Jersey Monthly, December 1981. 4. Augustine Curley, OSB, ‘‘The Attack on St. Mary’s Church, Newark: A Prototypical Know Nothing Incident,’’ paper presented at the Spring 2004 American Catholic Historical Association meeting at St. Thomas University, April 16–17, 2004 (forthcoming in American Benedictine Review). 5. Newark Daily Journal, September 1, 1874; Annual Catalogue of St. Benedict ’s College, 1873–74, 1–2, Newark Abbey Archives (NAA). 6. Newark Star-Ledger, February 20, 1972. 7. Interview of Reverend Benedict Tyler, OSB, January 13, 1998. 8. Smith, ‘‘Miracle on High Street,’’ 92. 9. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940: Population (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1941), 2:901; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950: Population (Washington, D.C.: 260 | notes GPO, 1951), vol. 2, part 30, p. 70; Eighteenth Census of the United States, 1960: Population (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1961), part 32, p. 92; Nineteenth Census of the United States, 1970: Population (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1971), part 32, p. 71. 10. Arthur M. Louis, ‘‘The Worst American City,’’ Harper’s Weekly, January 1975. 11. Abbot Martin J. Burne, OSB, ‘‘The Second Hundred Years,’’ an address given at the Robert Treat Hotel, Newark, N.J., March 21, 1968, 6, NAA. 12. New York Times, August 7, 1977. 13. Reverend Albert Holtz, OSB, ‘‘Benedictine Conversion: In Dialogue with ‘the Street’ in Newark,’’ American Benedictine Academy, August 1984, reprinted with the permission of the Benedictines of Mount St. Scholastica. 14. Newark Star-Ledger, October 21, 1988. 15. Reverend Mark Payne, OSB, ‘‘In the Shadow of the Cross,’’ comments made in a speech to the Middle States Visiting Committee, 1990, NAA. 1. Newark’s Forgotten Riot 1. Protestants and Catholics clashed routinely from the 1830s through the 1850s in places as distant and disparate as New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Louisville, St. Louis, Detroit, and Cincinnati. On nativism and anti-Catholic violence, see two classic studies: Ray A. Billington, The Protestant Crusade, 1800–1860: A Study in the Origins of American Nativism (New York: Rinehart, 1938); and John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism , 1860–1925 (New York: Macmillan, 1938). For a general history of rioting in the United States, see Paul A. Gilje, Rioting in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), 60–86. On the Know-Nothings, see Michael Holt, ‘‘The Politics of Impatience: The Origins of Know Nothingism,’’ Journal of American History 60 (September 1973): 309–31; and Jay P. Dolan, In Search of an American Catholicism: A History of Religion and Culture in Tension (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 53–60. 2. Newark Daily Eagle, September 5–8, 1854; New York Freeman’s Journal, September 16, 1854; Newark Daily Mercury, September 4, 1854; Raymond M. Ralph, ‘‘The City and the Church: Catholic Beginnings in Newark,’’ New Jersey History, Autumn–Winter 1976, 116; John T. Cunningham, Newark, 2nd ed. (Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1988), 136–37; Joel Schwartz, ‘‘The Overturnings in the Earth: Firemen and Evangelization in Newark’s Law and notes | 261 Order Crisis of the 1850s,’’ in Cities of the Garden State: Essays in Urban and Suburban History of New Jersey, ed. Joel Schwartz and Daniel Prosser (Dubuque , Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1977), 27–30; Reverend Hilary Stephan, OSB, ‘‘History of St. Mary’s Abbey,’’ unpublished manuscript, c. 1917, NAA, 29–52. On the 1854 Know-Nothing attack at St. Mary’s, I am indebted to Augustine Curley, OSB, for his scholarship and supply of source material. See his unpublished paper ‘‘Attack on St. Mary’s...