The History of Liberalism in Russia

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Victor Leontovitsch was a lecturer at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Berlin, and professor of history at Frankfurt University. He was the author of The Legal Revolution under Ivan the Terrible. Parmen Leontovitsch is the former head of Modern Languages and English as a Foreign Language at Barnet College in London. RUSSIAN HISTORY “An illuminating and profound analysis. . . . One of the most thoughtful and penetrating studies that has appeared in the field of Russian history in any country for some time.” —Donald Treadgold, American Historical Review “The legend still persists that there was never any choice in Russia between dark reaction and red revolution, and that liberal order was an alien plant which could never have taken root. . . . Leontovitsch has done a great service by restoring some of the true perspective.” —Leonard Schapiro, Times Literary Supplement “This book has that elegant quality of successful works that, while elucidating a specific subject, throw light in passing on other questions that are sometimes of greater significance. Thus, we find in this history of liberalism a profound analysis of some of the key factors that made revolution possible in Russia.” —Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, from the Foreword PITT SERIES IN RUSSIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES University of Pittsburgh Press www.upress.pitt.edu Cover art: Boris Kustodiyev, Reading of the Manifest, 1908–1909. Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum Cover design: Ann Walston 9 7 8 0 8 2 2 9 4 4 1 5 7 ISBN 13: 978-0-8229-4415-7 ISBN 10: 0-8229-4415-4 ...