Medicine and Politics in Colonial Peru: Population Growth and the Bourbon Reforms

Index

275  indeX Abascal y Sousa, José Fernando de: and burial reform, 164–66; and medical education, 75, 195–201, 203, 205, 206, 208, 212–13, 215; and medical modernization, 254n19; on San Lázaro, conditions at, 121; and smallpox vaccinations , 112, 248n106; and struggle for control of San Lázaro Hospital, 140–43, 146–50, 152–54 Academia Filarmónica (Philharmonic Academy), 53 agricultural productivity, population and, 6, 8 Agüero, Carlos José de, 216 Aguirre, Carlos, 222 Aguirre, José de, 127 Almeida, Pedro de, 26 Alvarado y Vásquez, Francisco de, 44–45, 150 Alvarez de Chanca, Diego, 18 Amat y Junient, Manuel de, 43, 63, 123 anatomical amphitheater, at Hospital of San Andrés: as beginning of medical modernization, 76–77; and Colegio de San Fernando, 205, 217; and doctors’ attempt to control anatomical training, 50, 64; establishment of, 49; surgeons’ efforts to undermine authority of, 68, 70 anatomical display, at doorway of Hospital of San Bartolomé, 51, 70–72 Page numbers in italics refer to figures. Those followed by n refer to endnotes, with note number. anatomical training: and Colegio de San Fernando, 203–4, 217; dissection and, 68–72, 205; doctors’ attempt to control, 50–51, 64, 68, 77; doctors’ emphasis on, 9, 49, 50; and status of medical professionals, 51, 63–64, 68–72; surgeons’ programs, development of, 51, 55, 68–72 Animero (Fierro), 168 Antropóphobo, Thicio, 7 archbishop of Lima: and medical modernization, 12–13; opposition to Bethlehemites, 38, 238n78; viceroy’s effort to extend civil authority over, 42–43 Arequipa, 113–15 Argote, Don José Gregorio, 71–72 Arrom, Silvia, 10–11, 234n28 artisan surgeons, 60, 241n19 audiencia, and hospital celebrations of patron saints, 32 Avilés, Marquis de: and burial reform, 164; and lepers, treatment of, 119–20, 126–27, 129–33, 136–37, 139, 144, 147, 149, 156; and medical education, 75; and smallpox vaccinations, 100, 104–9, 111 Avilés, Pedro, 161 Ballón, Mariano, 200 Balmis, Francisco Xavier de, 80, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96 warren text i-290.4.indd 275 7/23/10 10:42 AM 276 index baptism, and death of children, 173, 174 Baquíjano, José: and political role of creoles, 9; on population decline, 6–7; on worker shortages, 8 Barrena, Miguel Ignacio, 134–35 Barroeta, Archbishop, 42–43 Bartolomé (saint), 32–33 Battalion of Spanish Infantrymen, 68 Bejarano, Alberto, 147–48 Belomo, Pedro: and leprosy cure, 138; and medical education, support for, 198; as peninsular, 104–5; political career, after independence, 211; and smallpox vaccine, introduction of, 78–79, 86; and struggle for control of Hospital of San Lázaro, 140–42, 156; and struggle for control of smallpox vaccination program, 106–8, 110 Bichat, Marie François Xavier, 205–6, 213 Black Legend: Lima intellectuals’ efforts to correct, 54; Spain’s desire to undo, 119 blacks: cofradías for, 170–71, 255n32, 255n34; exclusion from formal medical education , 60, 66; funeral and death practices, 170–73, 256n39; funeral and death practices, restrictions on, 178; hospital for, 25–27; as hospital workers, caciques’ complaints about, 37; Lima intellectuals’ fear of, 56–57; and racialized panic about leprosy, 24; surgical profession and, 50, 60. See also racial animosity; Hospital of San Bartolomé; slaves blood purity, and medical education, 202, 259n30 Boerhaave, Hermann, 56, 176, 201, 203–8, 213 Bolaños, Basilio, 93 Bourbon monarchy: criticisms of Hapsburg policies, 2–3, 6–7; efforts to undermine church power, 16–17, 42–44, 48, 224; model of rule, 42; and regalism, 42 Bourbon reforms: attacks on Church political power, 16–17, 42–44, 48, 224; creole doctors’ appropriation and refashioning of, 10–11, 223–24, 226–27; creole doctors’ engagement with, as means of improving social status, 4, 8–9, 10–12, 52, 58–59, 224, 228; goals of, 3–4, 9, 42, 224–25; and increase of state power, 4, 9, 35–39, 42–43; medical modernization as, 223–24; population increase as goal of, 2–3, 50, 195, 225; redesign of public spaces after earthquake of 1746, 190; and regulation of medical professionals, 58–59; reinforcement of creole inequality in, 11; scholarly work on, 9–10; and social status of medical profession, 76. See also medical modernization Bravo de Lagunas y Castilla, Pedro Joseph, 24–25, 33, 40, 41, 239n91 Brisson, Matherin-Jacques, 204 brotherhoods: government efforts to restrict, 43; and medical reforms, 12–14. See also cofradías brotherhoods: Catholic, role in medical care, 17, 23, 29–30 brotherhoods, lay: and hospital...