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notes d INTRODUCTION 1. Peru’s Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática maintains a website, www.inei.gob.pe, which furnishes current census information. 2. It is possible that by 1839 knowledge of the aboriginal language was already scarce, because Córdova, trying to explain the probably non-Quechua toponym Huarochirí, fell for a cute but implausible local folk-etymology: When visiting this famously chilly area, the Inka Pachacuti felt a breeze where he didn’t want additional ventilation and said, ‘‘huarachirini, ‘I’m putting on a breechclout’ ’’ (Córdova y Urrutia 1992 [1839]:61). There is a pun on huarachiri —‘‘put on a breechclout’’—and chiri—‘‘cold.’’ 3. The apparently greater Hispanicization of women is a mirage due to the fact that more men than women were listed in the category of knowing ‘‘Castilian’’ plus another Old World language. Such men were not counted in the ‘‘knows Castilian’’ category. 1. AN ANDEAN COMMUNITY WRITES ITSELF 1. The contents include social science monographs of the 1970s and ’80s, compilations of primary sources for Peruvian history, old and new titles on colonial history, Quechua grammars, primary school texts, several uniformly bound series of classic authors in Spanish, encyclopedias, documents of state (e.g., budgets), philosophical classics, technical books on mining and on administration , and best-selling novels translated from various languages. 2. Fundador means ‘‘Founder,’’ that is, overall chief sponsor. 3. San Damián is reputedly the home of the fiercest bulls. When rebuilding its plaza in 1993, it erected a polychrome statue of a bull as the centerpiece, much to the annoyance of a faction which preferred the less mercenary and more traditional imagery of patriotic heroism. 4. Religious brotherhoods are sponsors of certain rituals, including some of preHispanic origin; they are also civic improvement organizations. 302 | Notes to Chapter 2 5. An invented ‘‘neo-Indianist’’ tradition, popularized by Bolivian Katarista parties and the Catholic Left of Ecuador and Peru from the 1970s onward. In Peru it is often called the ‘‘Tawantinsuyu flag,’’ alluding to the Inka state. 6. The Suni motto ‘‘ama sua’’ is quoted from Garcilaso’s supported summation of pre-Hispanic moralism. 7. José Carlos Mariátegui, founder of the Peruvian Socialist Party in 1928, was also claimed as an ancestor by the Communist Party (i.e., the Third International affiliate), Shining Path, and most other factions of the Peruvian Left. 8. This observation is based upon a complete inventory of public inscriptions, San Damián village, 1994. 9. Marta Hildebrandt (1969: 40–41) points out that this usage is attested as early as 1753 and has an Andean distribution extending to Bolivia and inland Argentina . Her 1753 instance concerns installment payments on tobacco sold by the royal monopoly, a product required by peasant ritual. Hildebrandt cites a still earlier (sixteenth-century) New World usage of armada as a gambler’s advance to another gambler, to be played in the name of the donor. 10. The puzzling word piónjar, locally meaning ‘‘power drill,’’ is a Hispanicized version of the manufacturer’s name. 11. For this reading, thanks to Professor Yongming Zhou. 12. ‘‘Chicha music’’ is a style derived from the highland waynu but played on electrical instruments. 13. Hence the common belief that during Holy Week one may loot pre-Hispanic tombs with impunity. The Peruvian film Madeinusa envisions a village that extends such permission to much worse sins. 14. Chapulín Ponguino Bueno is another and more Hispanicized name for the Muqui, a sort of pre-Hispanic gremlin or dwarf semihuman, ‘‘the naughty child of the Mountains,’’ who teases or enchants herders. His name evokes Chapulín Colorado, the inept antisuperhero of a Mexican comic book popular since the 1950s. 15. Allauca is a far-flung term in the west central Andes, referring in Inka and early colonial times to the right bank side of a valley, which also tended to be the upper moiety in villages that have moieties. The uppermost standing of Allauca in Checa’s order of precedence may be related to its upper-moiety associations. 2. FROM KHIPU TO NARRATIVE 1. One argument about why Europeans failed to learn it concerns ‘‘incommensurability ’’: allegedly Europeans working with the presumption that signs exist upon things were baffled by textile meaningfulness, which saturates material in three dimensions (Cummins 1998:192–98). 2. Wallkis are decorated coca bags. 3. Shukank’as are decorated gourds for lime or vegetable ash to accompany coca. [3.128.199.210] Project MUSE (2024-04-25...

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