We Created Chávez: A People's History of the Venezuelan Revolution

Index

Index 2 de Diciembre, 69 23 de Enero (date), 23–24, 70–72, 190, 262n2. See also Pérez Jiménez, Marcos 23 de Enero (neighborhood), 2–4, 28, 38, 67, 94, 96, 107–8, 129, 246, 259n20, 274n35, Figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 14, 17; 2002 antiCh ávez coup and, 167, 176; Caracazo and, 71, 275n23; guerrilla presence in, 71–72, 79; history, 69–71; Tupamaros and, 76–85 Acción Democrática (ad), 11, 24–25, 36, 38, 48, 54, 105, 111, 114, 117, 131–32, 152, 163, 183, 205, 207, 262n4, 290n28, 290n31; ars group splits from, 187; control of ctv, 185–93; fcv and, 205–6; mep splits from, 187; mir splits from, 27; violent thuggery by, 183, 187 afl-cio, 187; and American Institute for Free Labor Development (aifld), 288 Afro-Venezuelan Day, 165 Afro-Venezuelan Network, 153, 155–64 Afro-Venezuelans, 17, 20, 32, 49–50, 68–74, 135, 146–65, 212, 234, 236–37, 245, 264n37, 282n40; in the Caracazo, 92, 274n11; communal traditions of, 164; in the guerrilla struggle, 153–54, 283n14, 284–85n30, 304n48 agrarian reform, 46, 205–9, 217, 294n21. See also Ley de Tierras Alcasa, 62, 81, 124, 196 Alexis Vive Collective, 83, 215 Algeria, 184, 222 Ali, Tariq, 159 308 index Allende, Salvador, 84, 173, 177–78, 254, 287n18 Aló Presidente, 4, 213 Althusser, Louis, 111 Alvarado, Cornelio, 48–49 Álvarez, Braulio, 156, 209 Álvarez, Rubén, 71 Álvarez de Lovera, María del Mar, 136 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, 26 Américo Silva Front, 74 Amparo massacre, 75, 97, 272n12, 273n14, 301n9 anarchism, 6, 20, 48, 79, 140, 235, 238, 240, 258n10, 282n31, 301n14, 302n16 Andrés Bello Catholic University, 121 anti-Chavistas, 3, 35, 70, 86, 89, 120, 162, 181, 208, 210, 218, 239, 255, 258n10; Bandera Roja joins, 117–18, 278n34; lcr joins, 98; media arm of, 167, 220; some of ppt joins, 285n43; student movement of, 117– 20, 122, 143, 278n37. See also coup d’etat: April 2002 (reversed) against Chávez government Antigone, 13 Aporrea.org, 174–75, 244 April 13th Movement (m-13a), 251, 282n31 Arcaya, Ignacio Luís, 27 Aristotle, 115 Armed Forces, 29, 36, 43, 86, 96–99, 114, 122, 168, 171–73, 175, 177, 215, 247–50; guerrilla strategy toward, 34, 265n44; hierarchy and professionalism, 247–49; Organic Law of the Armed Forces, 249; radical tradition within, 33–35, 49, 98; particularity of Venezuelan, 33, 171. See also Armed Forces of National Liberation ; Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement ; Trejismo Armed Forces of National Liberation (faln), 34–37, 45, 49, 51, 62, 71, 99 Army of the Sovereign People, 201 Arrieta Chourio, Enrique, 164, 286n46 ars group, 187, 206 ars Publicity, 120 assemblies, popular: appearance in barrios after Caracazo, 100, 113, 173–74, 178, 228, 241–43, 251; guerrilla experiments with, 42, 228, 243–44; horizontalism and, 18– 20, 298n25; student struggle and, 111 autonomy: Afro and indigenous, 150, 152, 154, 156, 160–62; dual power and, 241; guerrilla, 266n65; local, 1–6, 86, 212; of popular masses, 46, 168, 258n10, 260n27; pdvsa’s de facto, 122, 181; of peasantry, 212–14; of social movements, 15–18, 20, 234–37, 254, 261n36; of the state, 6; university , 109–12, 121, 123–24; women’s, 128–30, 140–43; working-class, 62, 100, 186–99 ayllu, 164, 285n44 Baduel, Raúl, 86, 171–72, 248–49, 287n9 Bandera Roja (br), 39, 58–60, 65, 71, 74–75, 113, 230, 270n49; opposition to Chávez, 117–18, 278n34 Baniva (Maipurean-Arawak) people, 151 Banmujer (Women’s Development Bank), 38–39, 136, 139–40, 143, 281n30 Barlovento, 153–56, 164 Barranquilla Cooperative, 211 Barreto, Juan, 122 barrio assemblies. See assemblies, popular barrios (shantytowns), 14, 75–76, 83, 96, 108, 154, 219–28, 297n3; e√ect of concentration on consciousness, 226–27; culture , 226–28; development of, 219; guerrillas turn attention to, 63–65; resistance to 2002 coup, 169; resistance to Rómulo Betancourt in, 11, 35, 70–72; strategic importance of, 46–47, 298n25; students turn attention to, 114. See also Caracazo rebellion; lumpenproletariat; mass fronts; militias, popular; urbanization; violence: social Barrios, Douglas, 119–20 Bassiruque (newspaper, ls), 65 Benjamin, Walter, 238 Bernal, Freddy, 229–30, 299n32 Betancourt, Carlos (‘‘Jerónimo’’), 42–43, index 309 58–59, 83–85, 214–15, 250–51, 267, 278n34, Fig. 15 Betancourt, José Luis, 210 Betancourt, Rómulo, 26–29, 33–36, 45, 48, 71, 86, 132...