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189 Anniston Army Depot, AL, 18 anthracite, 35, 47 antipoverty workers, 82–83, 85–86, 96–97n2 Appalachia: attitudes of citizens toward environmental justice issues, ix, 16–17, 21–22; beauty and natural assets of, xvii, 3, 171–72; county locator map, x; definition of, 26n32, 51–55, 76n1; diversity of, 9, 26n32; heritage and culture in, 171–73; importance of to U.S. economy and industrial production, 3–4, 7–8, 16, 36; industries in, 9; media coverage of, 176–78; most hazardous counties, 18–19, 30n89; as national sacrifice area, xvii, 7, 171, 173, 182–84; romantic view of, 3, 4; settlement of, 32–33; subregion classifications, 26n32, 51–55; wealth generation in, xvii, 23, 38, 182 Appalachian Alliance, 92 Appalachian Center for the Economy and the Environment, 154 Appalachian Coalition, 86, 88 Appalachian Group to Save the Land and People, xv–xvi, 82, 84–85 Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC): creation and purpose of, 24n14, 26n32; definition of Appalachia, 26n32, 51–52, 55, 76n1; rural manufacturing economy, 146 Appalachian Regional Development Act, 26n32 Appalachian Voices, 17 Appalachian Volunteers, 96–97n2 Appalachia Rising, 17 approximate original contour (AOC), 46, 91, 93, 164–65 Arkwright, SC, 19 Armstrong County, PA, 65 Asheville-Buncombe Water Authority, 111 Ashley, Madge, 87 Ashtabula County, OH, 66 Atlanta, GA, 67 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 127, 128 Austin, Richard Cartwright, 86 Bagge, Carl, 88 Barnhill, Taylor, 109–10 Index abandoned mines, 46, 91 Abdnor, Joseph, 88 accidents: child killed by boulder, 176–77; potential for, xiv acid mine drainage, 47 activist and advocacy groups: apathy, prejudice, and, 172–73; clearcutting, challenges to, 99–101, 105–18, 122n27; education of, 157–58; effectiveness of, ix, 115–18, 125n65, 178; environmental and social injustices, challenges to, viii–ix, xv–xvi, 17, 19–22; facility siting, challenges to, 19–22; growth of, ix; history of in Appalachia, 17; land monopoly, 91–92; mothers as activists, 145–59; motivation of, 147–51; mountaintop removal mining, challenges to, xvi, 14, 16–17, 21–22, 45, 94–96, 161–62, 168–70, 182; outside experts, help from, 158; radioactive waste, challenges to, 131–36; strip mining, challenges to, 81–89, 94–96, 96–97n2, 97n9; tax inequities, 91–92; trust and, 151–54. See also Western North Carolina Alliance Adams County, OH, 65 Agriculture, U.S. Department of (USDA), Economic Research Services, 55, 58 air pollution: Appalachian counties, comparison between, 74; Appalachian counties, comparison between other U.S. counties and, 66–68; EPA limits, 60; hazardous air pollutants, 61, 66–68, 70, 77n11; health and, 5, 59, 60–61, 66–68, 70; manganese refinery and, 149, 156, 158; neurological effects of pollution, 59, 61, 68, 74; respiratory hazard, 59, 61, 67–68; socioeconomic status and, 76 Alabama: Appalachia, territorial definition of, 26n32, 51–55; challenges to facility siting, 19, 20; most hazardous counties, 30n89; Superfund sites in, 18 Allegheny County, PA, 62 Alliance for Appalachia, 95 alternative-energy options, 47–48, 157, 170–71 American Mining Congress, 88, 90 Andel, Chris, 134, 136 Annenberg Foundation, 175–76 190 Index chemical factories: challenges to facility siting, 19–21; chemical release data, 58, 59; chemical release from, 64, 146; siting of, xii–xiii, xvii; Superfund sites, 18; in West Virginia, 150–51, 153, 157 chemical release data, 58, 59 Chemical Valley, 150–51 Cheshire, OH, 20 children and infants: child killed by boulder, 176–77; environmental harms, exposure to, 147–59; infant mortality rates, 59, 61, 75; protection of by mothers, 145, 147–59; socioeconomic status, 57, 62–63, 69, 72, 74 chloralkali plants, 148–49, 153, 154, 156, 159 Citizens against Clearcutting in the Asheville Watershed (CACAW), 111, 112 Citizens’Task Force on Surface Mining, 86 Citizens to Abolish Strip Mining (CASM), 86 Clay County, NC, 111 Clean Air Act, 61, 182 clean landscapes, 182–83 Clean Water Act, 15, 92, 174, 182 clearcutting: activist and advocacy group challenges to, xvi, 99–101, 105–18, 122n27; commons-based opposition to, 105, 108–9, 113, 122n23, 122n27; concept of and process for, 104; decline in use of, 116; devastation and destruction after, 104–5, 108–9; enclosure threat from, 104–5; increase in use of, 104, 112; lawsuits against, viii; legislation to stop, viii; soil erosion and, vii–viii climate change, 183–84 Climate Ground Zero, 96 Clinton County, PA, 30n89 Clinton Engineering Works, 127. See also Oak Ridge, TN coal companies and industry: land ownership by, 91–92; power of, 8, 81–83, 168–69, 173; protests against, viii, 17, 81–89...

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