Mad Dogs and Meerkats: A History of Resurgent Rabies in Southern Africa

Notes

Notes Introduction. A Modern Plague: Rabies in South Africa, Past and Present 1. Frank Kerslake, Rabies and Hydrophobia: Their Cause and Prevention (London: W. and G. Foyle, 1919), 21. 2. C. D. Meredith, A. P. Rossouw, and H. van Praag Koch,“Unusual Case of Human Rabies Thought to Be of Chiroptean Origin,” South African Medical Journal 45, no. 28 (1971): 767–69. 3. Jean Théodoridès, Histoire de la Rage: Cave Canem (Paris: Masson, 1986), 201–16; Gerald Geison, The Private Science of Louis Pasteur (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 177–256; Patrice Debré, Louis Pasteur (Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 414–46; Neil Pemberton and Michael Worboys, Mad Dogs and Englishmen: Rabies in Britain, 1830–2000 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 102–32. 4. For example, see Geoffrey West, Rabies in Animals and Man (Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1972); Balideo Bisseru, Rabies (London: William Heinemann Medical Books, 1972); James Campbell and K. M. Charlton, eds. Rabies (Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1988); George Baer, The Natural History of Rabies (Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC, 1991). For up-to-date information see the World Health Organization website: www.who.int/topics/rabies/en. 5. Rodney E. Willoughby et al., “Survival after Treatment of Rabies with Induction of Coma,” New England Journal of Medicine 352, no. 24 (2005): 2508–14; Rodney E. Willoughby, “Are We Getting Closer to the Treatment of Rabies?” Future Virology 4, no. 6 (2009): 563–70. Available on line at http:// www.medscape.com/viewarticle/712839_7 (accessed 11 March 2010). Before 2004, five other people survived rabies symptoms, but they had all had some form of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis and many were left with neurological problems. See Mary Warrell and David Warrell,“Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Diseases,” Lancet 363, no. 9413 (20 March 2004): 959–69. 6. John D. Blaisdell,“A Frightful—But Not Necessarily Fatal—Madness: Rabies in Eighteenth-century England and English North America” (PhD diss.,  | Notes to Pages 5–10 Iowa State University, 1995), 7, 82–96, 207–9; Pemberton and Worboys, Mad Dogs and Englishmen, 11–19, 133–94. 7. Pemberton and Worboys, Mad Dogs and Englishmen, 11–19. 8. Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987), 167–204; Kathleen Kete, The Beast in the Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 97–114. 9. Lance van Sittert,“Class and Canicide in Little Bess: The 1893 Port Elizabeth Rabies Epidemic,”South African Historical Journal 48,no.1 (2003): 207–34. 10. Lise Wilkinson,“Understanding the Nature of Rabies: An Historical Perspective ,” in Rabies, ed. James Campbell and K. M. Charlton (Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1988), 1–23. 11. George W. Beran, “Rabies and Infections by Rabies-Related Viruses,” in CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses, ed. James Steele and George Beran (Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC, 1981), 101; H. Badrane and N. Tordo,“Host Switching in Lyssavirus History from the Chiroptera to the Carnivore Orders,” Journal of Virology 75, no. 17 (2001): 8096–8104. 12. See, for example, Bisseru, Rabies, 328–30. For a historical account, see Pemberton and Worboys, Mad Dogs and Englishmen, 19–26. 13. The rabies virus is an RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family. There are many scientific books that deal with the physiology of the virus and the pathology of the disease. For the latest general account which is particularly relevant to southern Africa, see Robert Swanepoel, “Rabies,” in Infectious Diseases of Livestock, ed. J. A. W. Coetzer and R. C. Tustin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 2:1123–82. 14. Ibid., 1124–26, 1145–47; Louis Nel and Charles Rupprecht, “Emergence of Lyssaviruses in the Old World: The Case of Africa,” in Wildlife and Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: The Biology, Circumstances, and Consequences of CrossSpecies Transmission, ed. J. E. Childs, J. S. MacKenzie, and J. A. Richt (Berlin: Springer, 2007), 161–93. 15. François Coillard, On the Threshold of Central Africa: A Record of Twenty Years Pioneering among the Banyai and Barotsi (London: Hodder and Stoughton , 1897), 340; John MacConnachie, An Artisan Missionary on the Zambezi: Being the Life Story of William Thomson Waddell, largely drawn from Letters and Journals (Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1910), 58–72, 90–92. 16. George C. Bishop et al., Rabies: Guide for the Medical, Veterinary, and Allied Professions (Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, 2002). 17. Author’s interviews with Claude Sabeta, Rabies Unit, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 10 November 2006; Robert Swanepoel, National...