Brown Decision, Jim Crow, and Southern Identity

Index

89 Abortion Rights movement, 51 Africa, 68–69 African Americans. See Blacks Angelou, Maya, 62 Applebome, Peter, 59 Atlanta, Ga.: business community and integration, 30; Cotton States Exposition (1895), 28–29; race riot in (1906), 24; segregation in, 21 Augusta, Ga., 33 Ayers, Edward L., 19, 23, 29 Badger, Tony, 39 Barnes, Deborah H., 69 Barnett, Ross, 16 Bartley, Numan, 37, 40 Bell, Derrick: on Cold War and racial change, 38; as critic of Brown, 32, 54; on impact of agricultural mechanization, 33; proposes alternative to Brown, 50–51 Bilbo, Theodore G., 33, 36 Birmingham, Ala.: black workers in, 25; segregation in, 21, 30 Black, Merle, 58–59 Blacks: and Africa, 68–69; attachments of, to the South, 58–63, 68–69; class divisions among, 66–68; effects of job discrimination on, 35; income disparities among, 66; migration of, from the South, 32–33, 61; migration of, to the South, 60; nostalgia of, for segregation, 64– 67; protests by, 30; push by, for integration after Brown, 49–50; response of, to segregation, 16, 19, 22; in southern industry, 35; and voter registration, 36; voting by, 37; white attitudes toward, 46–47; as writers, 62–64 Boll weevil, 32 Bone, Robert, 61 Boyle, Sarah Patton, 44 Brown, Henry Billings, 8 Brown, Sterling, 41, 57, 62 Brown v. Board of Education (1954): accomplishments of, 1, 54–55; and Civil Rights movement, 5, 31, 48–50, 54; critics of, 5, 31, 47–48, 53–55; as deterrent to racial progress, 31, 36; legacy of, 53–54; and Plessy, 8, 48; and public opinion, 47–48; racial progress prior to, 40; and white moderates, 38; white support for, 48 Brown v. Board of Education (1955), 49 Brundage, Fitzhugh, 73 Index Cable, George W., 12 Carter, Dan, 74 Cavalier Daily (University of Virginia), 9 Cell, John: on segregation and economic modernization, 17–18; on Woodward thesis, 11, 15–16 Charleston, S.C., 21 Churches, 44 Citizens Council, 49 Civil Rights Act of 1875, 17 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 51 Civil Rights movement: accomplishments of, 1, 54–55; and black attachments to the South, 58–59, 70–71; and black writers, 62–64; and Brown, 5, 31, 48–50, 54 Clarksdale, Miss., 67 Cohn, David L., 42 Cold War, 38 Commission on Civil Rights (1947), 39 Confederate flag (and other historical symbols): conflicts over, 71, 73; as political distraction, 73–75; as reflection of power, 71–72 Cotton States Exposition, 28–29 Couch, W. T., 41 De La Beckwith, Byron, 33 Disfranchisement, 23–24, 28 Dixiecrats, 37 Douglass, Frederick, 60 Du Bois, W. E. B., 41 Dudziak, Mary L., 38 Durr, Clifford, 44 Durr, Virginia, 44 Education, 25; black, 47; racial disparities in, 25, 50–51 Ellison, Ralph: on blacks and the South, 58, 61–62; on Brown, 56; and Invisible Man, 45, 56; on South as “homeland,” 68 Exclusion (of blacks prior to segregation), 16 Evers, Medgar, 33 Faubus, Orval, 16 Faulkner, William, 42–43 Folkways: defined, 8; as dominant influence, 9; racial, 29; versus stateways, 8, 15 Folsom, Jim, 37–38 Franklin, John Hope, 59–60 Frazier, E. Franklin, 13, 41 Freeman, Morgan, 59–60 Garrow, David J., 48 Gaston, Paul, 27 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 65, 68 Georgia: flag referendum in, 74; resistance in, to black voting, 36; spending for schools in, 25 “G.I. Revolts,” 33 Giddings, Henry Franklin, 8 Giovanni, Nikki, 62 Goodbye Lenin, 65 Grady, Henry W.: discourages political activism, 28; and “New 90 Index South,” 18; on segregation, 18, 27 Graham, Frank Porter, 39 Hahn, Steven, 22 Hale, Grace, 29 Haley, Alex, 68–69 Harlem Renaissance, 61 Harris, Eddy, 69, 72 Hobson, Fred, 63–64 House Un-American Activities Committee (huac), 39 Hughes, Langston, 41, 61 Industry, southern: discrimination in, 25–27, 34, 35; and disfranchisement, 28; dispersed pattern of, after World War II, 36; pursuit of, 27–28; and racial change, 35; and segregation, 25, 27, 35 Jim Crow system, 46. See also Segregation Judicial review, 52–53 Kenan, Randall: on loss of black community, 66–68; as southern writer, 63; on southernness and blackness, 70 Killens, John Oliver, 69 King, Rev. Martin Luther, Jr.: on Brown decision, 48; as southern black leader, 59; on Strange Career of Jim Crow, 13 King, Richard H., 12 Klarman, Michael J.: on black voter registration in 1940s, 36; as critic of Brown decision, 31, 49; on impact of agricultural mechanization, 33; on industrial recruitment and...