Star Creek Papers

Notes

NOTES Introduction 1. Horace Mann Bond to I. J. K. Welles, May 15, 1936, part i, reel 5, and "Memorandum for the Rosenwald Fund Explorers to be Used as an Incomplete Guide for the Research Part of Their Activities," 1934, part 2, reel 29, both in Horace Mann Bond Papers, microfilm, Duke University(original atUniversity of Massachussetts, Amherst); "News Letter to Rural School Explorers," November 1934, in Julia W. Bond Papers, private collection. For Bond's biography, see Wayne J. Urban, Black Scholar: Horace Mann Bond, 1904-1972 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992,). 2. Julia W. Bond, interviewed by Adam Fairclough, April 9, 1995, Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Bond to I. J. K. Welles, May 15, 1956, Bond Papers. 4. It is likely that Bond, at the suggestion of Robert Park, kept the diary with a view to eventual publication in some form; Park to Bond, October 19, 1934, part 2, reel 29, Bond Papers. 5. Horace Mann Bond, "A New Kind of Social History," speech at Bogalusa , February 15, 1935, part 4, reel 10, and Bond to J. J. Coss, February 15, 1937, part i, reel 5, Bond Papers. It is worth noting that Robert Park, Bond's mentor at the University of Chicago, was not only an admirer of Washington but had also acted as his principal ghostwriter between 1905 and 1912. Park travelled with Washington extensively, accompanying him to Europe in 1910. "I think I probably learned more about human nature and society, in the South under Washington, than I had previously learned in all my previous studies." See Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Wizard ofTuskegee , 1901-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 290-91. 137 138 Notes 6. James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 153-76. "The fact that these schools were called 'Rosenwald Schools' and the belief that they were paid for mainly by the Julius Rosenwald Fund, kept down [white] criticism of the school officials. In actual practice the Fund never gave even half the cost of a building and generally contributed an average of about one-sixth the total cost of the building, grounds and equipment"; S. L. Smith, Builders of Goodwill: The Story of the State Agents of Negro Education in the South, 1910 to 1950 (Nashville: TennesseeBook Company, 1950), 119-20. Bond was ideally qualified to study the results of the Rosenwald school-building program . In 192,9-31 he had received Rosenwald funding to conduct a surveyof black schools in Alabama, Louisiana, and North Carolina, research that provided useful material for his first book. A Rosenwald fellowship then enabled him to work on a doctoral dissertation, a study of black education in Alabama , at the University of Chicago. When the Rosenwald Fund financed the birth of Dillard University, a merger of two ailing black colleges in New Orleans , Bond was offered, and accepted, the position of academic dean. Before taking up his new job, however, he agreed to participate in the "School Exploration Group"; Julia was also employed on the project. 7. Horace and Julia Bond, "A Description of Washington Parish," n.d., part 2, reel 29, Bond Papers. 8. Gilbert C. Fite, Cotton Fields No More: Southern Agriculture, 18651980 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1984), 208. 9. New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 31, August 3, 7, 1934. 10. Somewhat disingenuously, Bond later told the superintendent of schools that "I did not discuss the trouble either with Negroes or with white people, but tried to keep entirely out of it." Bond to D. H. Stringfield, January 19, 1935, part 2, reel 30, Bond Papers. 11. Bond to Robert M. Labaree, March 20, 1935, Julia W. Bond Papers; Bond to Frederick L. Allen, March 13, 1935, part 2, reel 30, Bond Papers. 12. Bond to Robert E. Park, April 2, 1935, part i, reel 5, Bond Papers. 13. E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro Family in Chicago (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1932); The Negro Family in the United States (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1939); Bond, A Study of Factors Involved in the Identification and Encouragement of Unusual Academic Talent Among Underprivileged Populations (Washington, D.C.: Office of Education, 1967), 43. Notes 139 14. Lee Rainwater and William L. Yancey, The Moynihan Report and the Politics of Controversy (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1967); Andrew Billingsley , Black families in White America...