Who Gets a Childhood?: Race and Juvenile Justice in Twentieth-Century Texas

Index

INDEX African Americans, 47, 51, 58–59, 134–35, 147–48; convict labor and, 32–34; discrimination and, 12–13, 44–45, 62, 79–81, 163, 197–98; inmate classification and, 114–16, 192–94; overrepresentation in juvenile inmate population, 108–9, 131–34, 157, 174–75, 204–5; protected childhood and, 20–22, 40, 108–9; resource disparities and, 72, 75, 86, 91–92 American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 76, 205 American Law Institute (ali), 98–99, 114, 164 Atlee, James, 112–14, 117 Barnes, Ben, 152, 159–61, 163 Beazley, Napoleon, 203–4 Bellamy, S. L., 94, 97, 104 Bercu, Steve, 166–71, 173, 176–80, 192, 202 Beto, George, 160–62, 191 Blair, R. E. “Ed,” 63, 68–69, 101–3, 112 Brady State School for Negro Girls, 71–92 Brewer, Weldon, 150–51 Briganti, Frank, 155, 157–58 Brownwood State School, 174, 197, 200 Burlingham, Maxine, 110–12, 170 California Youth Authority (cya), 99, 164 Chadwell, Pearl, 65–67, 69 child welfare, 4, 41–45 Clayton Homes Neighborhood Development Program, 136–37 Clenenden, Richard, 95, 96–98, 114 Cohen, Henry, 35–36 Colquitt, Oscar B., 14–15 Crockett State School, 87, 91, 117, 154, 172, 174, 198 culture of poverty: application, 146–47, 149; theory, 137–38 DeMille, Cecil B.: The Godless Girl, 39–40 Eddins, A. W., 16–17, 25 El Paso Juvenile Detention Home, 167–68 Erikson, Erik H., 108–9, 139 Evans, Jay, 122–23, 134 Evans, Richard, 139–40, 145 Ferguson, James and Miriam, 25–26 Ford Foundation, 137–38 Gainesville State School for Girls, 42–43, 96, 100, 170, 172, 175, 178–81, 195–97; early years, 22–25, 28; racial and ethnic discrimination, 72, 197–200; scandals, 63–67, 69, 110–12 Gatesville State School for Boys, 7–10, 60, 96–97, 104, 109, 112–13, 126, 142, 150, 180, 184–86, 189–90, 200–201; background and early program, 10–20, 25–26; growth, 120–22; politics, 25–26; racial and ethnic discrimination, 20–22, 34, 36–37, 112–16, 118–19; reform, 99–101, 116–17; riots, 175–78; scandals, 26–42, 61–63, 67–70, 101–3, 122–24, 152–55, 157–71 gender: commitments and, 176–77; delinquency and, 22–25, 74–75, 141–42; rehabilitation and, 78, 87; sexuality of juvenile inmates and, 193–97 Giddings State School, 161–62, 164–65 Godless Girl, The (DeMille), 39–40 Goodman, Mary Ellen, 140, 145 Graves, Curtis, 134, 157, 162 256 · I N D E X Harbach, Franklin Israel, 53, 129–31, 135–37 Harrell, Emma G., 85–91 Harrell, Pete, 82, 84, 198 Harrington, H. H., 35–36, 39 Harris County Community Action Association (hccaa), 147–48. See also Houston Action for Youth Henna, Louis, 154, 159, 161 Hofheinz, Roy, 48–49, 60, 128 Hogg, Ima, 57–58 Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, 53, 58–60, 139, 150 Houston Action for Youth (hay), 127, 138–47, 149 Houston Child Guidance Center, 56, 58 Houston Community Chest, 46, 48, 51–52, 58 Houston Community Council, 133–34, 139 Houston Settlement Association (hsa), 46–48, 52–53, 129. See also Neighborhood Centers Association of Houston and Harris County In re Gault, 156–58, 173 Jackson, Ron, 200, 202 Jester, Beauford H., 93–94, 102 Justice, William Wayne, 170, 173–74, 179–80, 182–83, 189, 197, 200–202 Juvenile Act (1913), 15n37, 15–16, 20 juvenile court, 3–4; El Paso and, 166–71; Houston and, 48–50; national reforms, 155–57; sentencing guidelines, 206; Texas and, 13 juvenile delinquency: discrimination and, 48–53, 143–47; national trends, 95–96, 128–29; opportunity theory and, 138–39; statistics, 49–50, 131–33, 163–64, 198, 206 juvenile parole, 152, 174, 202 juvenile probation, 61, 99, 126, 129, 131–32, 140, 202, 207 Kellar, Eddie, Jr., 154–55, 159 Kerr, Walter K., 93–94, 97–98, 104–5, 114, 120 Kindrick, M. B., 102–3, 161–63, 176 King, Charles E., 8–9, 25–27, 29, 33–34, 36–37, 39 Kneebone, Robert, 154, 161, 200 Ku Klux Klan, 26, 72 League of United Latin American Citizens (lulac), 48, 50–51, 53 Logan, Hall H., 69–70, 81, 86, 101–2 Lonely Ones, The (docudrama), 140–45 MacCormick, Austin, 98–100, 164, 183, 194, 197–99 Mental hygiene movement, 53–55; child guidance and, 55–57 Mexican Americans: discrimination and, 36–38, 67, 143–45, 163, 197–99; juvenile delinquency and, 47–53; overrepresentation in juvenile inmate population, 118, 131...