Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America?s Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements

Index

Abkhazia: ethnic and historical distinctiveness of, 282; and federalization in Georgia, 247; and just cause secession, 249; and postSoviet secessionism, 277; Russian recognition/support of, 252–53, 282; and state building, 246; and unilateral secession, 244; and United States, 238. See also Georgia Africa and secession: and Cold War, 348; and decentralization, 351, 353, 356; and decolonization, 342; and economic development, 354, 356; and entrepreneurial wars, 355–56; and ethnonationalism, 338–39, 340, 341, 351–53, 355, 356–57; and globalization, 343; and ideological conflict, 353–54; as justified, 343–44; and mass-phobia ruptures, 352–53; and neoliberalism, neocapitalism, and neocolonialism, 342–43, 346, 347, 348; and postcolonial states, 340, 341, 343, 344, 351, 355, 356; and precolonial order, 342–43, 350. See also Organization of African Unity; United Nations: and secession in Africa; and individual countries and regions African Union (au). See Organization of African Unity Ahmad, Ibrahim, 330, 332 Åland Islands, 38 Algeria, 338, 345 Alvarado, Salvador, 229 Amar, Akhil Reed, 56, 58, 63 American Colonization Society, 120 American Revolution (U.S.): and European secession movements, 237–38, 240; and secession and civil wars, 47–49. See also Declaration of Independence Anaya, Juan Pablo, 204 Angola, 338, 355, 356 Annan plan, 248, 256 Antislavery, 180–81. See also slavery Anya Nay, 344 Arbil, Iraq, 319, 332, 333 Armenia, 91n1, 325 Articles of Association, 61 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 61–64 Ashmore, John: early life of, 98; election of, 99–101; and John Henry Hammond, 101, 102, 105–6; moderate politics of, 98, 99, 100–101, 103–4, 105, 106; and oppression of U.S. South, 156; racism and conversion of, to radicalism, 104, 106–8, 109, 110, 111– 12; and Republican Party, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 Association of Three Hundred, 201 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 325, 326 Austin, Stephen F., 200 INDEX [386] index Badinter Arbitration Committee, 85 Balibar, Etienne, 166 Baltic States, 237, 244, 280, 281 Barbachano, Miguel, 206–7, 221 Barzani, Mas‘ud, 332–33, 334 Barzani, Mulla Mustafa, 328, 329–30, 332 Barzinji, Mahmud, 324–25, 328, 333 Bases Orgánicas, 219 Basque Country, 246–47 Ba‘th Party, 329, 331, 332 Beissinger, Mark, 278, 280–81 Beitz, Charles, 24 Belarus, 91n1 Belewa, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa, 346 Belgium: and Congo, 345; decentralization in, 247, 252, 343; as former imperial power, 237; and secession, 237, 239–40, 241, 246; and U.S. South, 154 Belz, Herman, 70–71 Bender, Thomas, 161 Benin, 338, 342 Beran, Harry, 24–25, 77, 83, 84 Bestor, Arthur, 127 Biafran secession: and civilian casualties, 265, 266, 267, 268; and civil war and violence, 50, 346–47; and ethnic and economic factors, 280, 346, 347, 348, 352; history of, 264–65, 346–48; and just cause secession, 270; recognition of, 340, 347–48; and secession as selfdefense , 274; mentioned, 338. See also Africa and secession; Nigeria Biden, Joe, 335n1 Binder, Leonard, 341 Bin Laden, Osama, 354 Blount, William, 195–96, 198 Bohemia, 153, 162 Bonner, Robert, 178, 182 Bosnia, 91n1, 238, 244, 245 Breckinridge, John C., 105 Breuilly, John, 166 Brown, Albert Gallatin, 160 Brown, John, 103 Bryan, Edwards, 122–24, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130n16 Buchanan, Allen, 8, 19, 28–29, 30, 31–33, 34, 77, 80–82, 93n11, 343–44 Buchanan, James, 65, 100, 102 Bull, Bartle, 39–40 Burr, Aaron, 193, 197, 198, 201, 202 Burundi, 352, 353 Bushnell, Horace, 144 Butler, Benjamin, 159 Calhoun, John C.: and constitutionality of secession, 59–60, 64; economic thought of, 119, 182–83; and states’ rights and nullification, 99, 121 Cameroon, 338 Canada: and Charter Canadians, 79; constitution of, 77, 79, 87–90, 94nn21–22; and indigenous groups, 77, 89, 90; and Quebec secession, 69, 76, 77, 78–79, 82–83, 84–85, 87–88, 92n5, 94n21; Supreme Court of, 69, 71, 87–88 Cassese, Antonio, 71 Caste War, 220, 221, 222, 223–24, 226 Chad, 345 Charlottetown Accord, 89–90, 94n21 Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 88 Chase, Salmon, 69–71, 72 Chechnya: and civilian casualties, 265, 266, 267; and just cause secession, 249, 251, 270; and religion, 246; and separatism and civil war, 41, 50, 240; and violence, 244, 263–64, 282; mentioned, 277, 285 index [387] Chen Shui-bian, 363–64, 375, 376 China (general), 362–63. See also Peoples Republic of China Civil War, U.S.: and citizenship, 146–47; and civic and ethnic nationalism, 147; and Constitution, 134–36, 137...