Glass Ceilings and 100-Hour Couples: What the Opt-Out Phenomenon Can Teach Us about Work and Family

Index

Academic career, ix, 32, 177 African American women, 12, 174, 185n27 After-school activities, ix, 90–91, 110, 123–25 Anthropology, 1, 26, 91, 186n12; Mead, Margaret, 84; Small, Meredith, 110, 170; Van Gennep, Arnold, 101 Attorneys. See Lawyers Baby boomers, x, 91, 105, 156 Baby bust, 156 Baird, Zoë, 66 Bargaining power, 8, 187n13; and children, 146; and community, 146–47; defined, 139–40, differing perceptions of, 145–46; economic theory of, 142; in marriage , 141–45; measurement of, 141–42, 194nn1–3 (chap. 11); threat points, 8, 141–43, 194n4 (chap. 11) Belkin, Lisa, 21, 34, 177 Bias avoidance, 58–59, 101, 174; and Drago, Robert, 58 Blau, David, 79, 190n8 Boushey, Heather, 24–26 Breast-feeding, x, 53 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 7, 26, 185n27, 185n5, 186n7, 188n1, 189n4, 195n8 Business schools, 37, 156, 159–60, 181 Caregiving: of adults, 55–56 (see also Elderly care); of children (see Child care); profession, 9, 190n16 (chap. 5) Celebrity moms, 23, 164 Childbirth, 52, 54, 58, 72, 82, 95, 98, 101, 150, 170, 184– 85n22 Child care: affordability, 32, 76, 80; availability, 5, 6, 32, 35, 53, 57, 74, 77, 92, 190n5; and bias avoidance, 58–59; effect of costs of, on women’s work, 53, 57, 78–80, 96, 190n16; and fathers, 32–33; firm provided, 81–82; management of, 66; market failure, 77–78; quality, 75–76, 93, 190n8; schedules, 76–77; subsidization of, 80–82, 191nn20–22; worker earnings, 80; during World War II, 15. See also Education: early childhood Child custody, 142 Children as pets, 5, 80, 175 Child support, 89, 112, 127, 133– 35; by grandparents, 112 Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, 19, 46, 173–74, 184n22 Cohabitation. See Divorce Commuting, 167–69, 187n1. See also Telecommuting Coontz, Stephanie, 16 Cost of childrearing, 4 209 Index 210 Index “Deadbeat” dad, 133 Disabilities, 54, 69, 94–95, 127, 136–37; adhd, 95 Discrimination, 6–7, 46–48, 52–60, 99, 188n8; against caregivers of aging parents (see Elderly care); and Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, 19, 46, 173–74, 184n22; and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 19, 47, 185n24, 188n3; as explanation of wage gap, 45; federal employment discrimination laws, 19, 185n24; against parents (see Maternal walls); Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1979, 54. See also Glass ceilings Divorce, 9, 100, 127, 128–29, 140–43, 193n7; differences by education, 129–32, 192n5 (chap. 10); division of assets following, 132–33, 193nn17–18; effect of, on children, 135; following cohabitation , 130–31, 193n10; and prenuptial and postnuptial agreements , 134–36, 140, 193n10, 193n29; and Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act, 133–34 Drago, Robert, 58 Dr. Seuss, 173 Dual-career couples, 19, 41, 42, 56, 73, 77, 100, 102–3. See also 100-hour couples Earnings. See Income Economists, xi, 39, 42, 78–79, 141, 181, 184n22; Blau, David, 79, 190n8; Boushey, Heather, 24– 26; Drago, Robert, 58; Folbre, Nancy, 5; Goldin, Claudia, 13, 18, 24–27; Kuhn, Peter, 42–43, 188n23; Lozano, Fernando, 42–43, 188n23 Education: as career, 166, 173; credentials, 4, 126, 138, 143; and divorce, 129–32, 136; early childhood, 23, 80–81, 90, 191n1; gains in women’s, 2, 4, 17–18, 35–39, 100, 174–75; grandparent support of, 112; as investment, x, 38, 44, 117, 180; law schools, 35, 37–38, 152; and marriage, 38–40; of men versus women, 4, 39–40; and motherhood , 86; ongoing professional, 157, 159–60; and power, 147; and social networks, 119–22; undertapped utilization of women’s, 176, 180–81. See also Business schools; Medical schools Elderly care, 9, 67–69, 105–6, 146–47, 150 Engineering, 50, 55, 60 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (eeoc), 19, 47, 185n24 Equality in marriage, 44, 63–65, 70, 142–46, 187n13 Errands, 111, 124 Ethnography. See Anthropology Family, as unit of analysis, 4, 97, 107–8, 111, 155 Fathers: bargaining power of, 142; care for aging, 105–6; and divorce , 133; and housework, 63–65; and parenting, 92, 98, 123, 190n1; policies for, 155; as providers, 20, 29, 79, 88–89; societal views of, 68, 72, 84, 109; stay-at-home, 32–34, 186n20 Feminism, x, 22, 184n13 Fertility, 18, 40, 104 Financial decision making, 127–38, 145–46, 194n10 Flanagan, Caitlin, 22 Flexible hours, 55, 58–59, 62, 74, 110, 155, 163, 165–66, 167 Folbre, Nancy, 5 Full-time employment, of moth- Index 211 ers: appeal of, 165...